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The year 1643 in music involved some significant events.

• Composer Johann Crüger meets hymn-writer Paul Gerhardt, resulting in a collaboration.
• Johann von Rist publishes his Himmlische Lieder, later set to music by Johann Sebastian Bach.
• Pierre Robert becomes master of music at Senlis Cathedral.

• Marco Scacchi – Cribrum musicum

• Carlo Milanuzzi
  • Ninth book of ariose vaghezze for one and two voices with accompaniment, Op. 20 (Venice: Alessandro Vincenti)
  • Concerto sacro de salmi intieri for two and three voices, book 2, Op. 21 (Venice: Alessandro Vincenti)
• Cornelis Thymanszoon Padbrué
  • Eere-krans..., written for the wedding of Constantin Sohier and Catharina Koymans
  • 't Lof van Jubal..., Op. 3, a collection of madrigals and motets

• L'Incoronazione di Poppea – Claudio Monteverdi
• Egisto (opera) – Francesco Cavalli

• July 28 – Antonio Tarsia, composer (died 1722)
• December – Johann Adam Reincken, organist and composer (died 1722)
• date unknown – Marc-Antoine Charpentier, composer (died 1704)

• February 25 – Marco da Gagliano, composer (born 1582)
• March 1 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, composer and organist (born 1583)
• April 20 – Christoph Demantius, composer (born 1567)
• May 17 – Giovanni Picchi, organist and composer (born c.1571)
• November 29 – Claudio Monteverdi, composer (born 1567)
• December 8 – Antoine Boësset, French court musician and composer (born 1586)
• probable – Guillaume Bouzignac, French composer (born c.1587)