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Year 1336 (MCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

• February 25
  • Rather than be taken captive by the Teutonic Knights, 4,000 defenders of Pilėnai, Lithuania commit mass suicide.
  • The Kenmu Restoration ends and the Muromachi period begins in Japan; start of the Nanboku-chō period.
• April 18 (unconfirmed) – Brothers Harihara and Bukka Raya found the Vijayanagara Empire on the southern part of the Deccan Plateau in South India.^[1]
• April 26 – The Ascent of Mount Ventoux is made by the Italian poet Petrarch: he claims to be the first since classical antiquity to climb a mountain for the view.^[2]
• May 19 – The governor of Baghdad, Oirat 'Ali Padsah, defeats Arpa Ke'un near Maraga, contributing to the disintegration of the Ilkhanate.
• July 4 – Battle of Minatogawa: Ashikaga Takauji defeats Japanese Imperial forces, under Kusunoki Masashige and Nitta Yoshisada.
• July 21–22 – Second War of Scottish Independence: Aberdeen, Scotland is burned by the English.^[3]
• September 20 – The reign of Emperor Kōmyō, second of the Ashikaga Pretenders to the Northern Court of Japan, begins.

• April 9 – Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire (d. 1405)
• July 25 – Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1404)
• date unknown
  • Gao Qi, Chinese poet (d. 1374)
  • Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev (died 1406)
• probable
  • Stefan Uroš V, Emperor of the Serbs (d. 1371)

• January 20 – John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (b. 1306)
• February 25 – Margiris, Duke of Samogitia
• March 20 – Maurice Csák, Hungarian Dominican friar (b. c. 1270)^[4]
• May 17 – Emperor Go-Fushimi of Japan (b. 1288)
• July 4 – Elizabeth of Portugal, queen consort and saint (b. 1271)
• September 5 – Charles d'Évreux (b. 1305)
• date unknown
  • Bernard VIII, Count of Comminges (b. c. 1285)
  • Arpa Ke'un, Ilkhanid ruler
  • Guillaume Pierre Godin, French Dominican philosopher (b. c. 1260)
  • Hugh II of Arborea
  • Ramon Muntaner, Catalan soldier and writer (b. 1270)
  • Cino da Pistoia, Italian poet (b. 1270)
  • Richard of Wallingford, English monk and mathematician (b. 1292)
  • Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din, Ilkhanate politician
  • Turgut Alp, Kayi and Ottoman soldier and commander in-chief (b. 1200) at the age of 136.