1085
Calendar year
KIng Alfonso VI of León and Castile ("the Brave") (r. 1077–1109)
Year 1085 (MLXXXV ) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar .
Events
By place
Europe
May 25 – King Alfonso VI of León and Castile ("the Brave") recaptures Toledo from the Moors , and occupies other cities such as Madrid and Talavera (including the castle of Aledo ). Alfonso moves his capital to Toledo, and consolidates his power between Sistema Central and the Tagus River , from where he launches more attacks against the taifas of Córdoba , Seville , Badajoz and Granada (modern Spain ).
Summer – Robert Guiscard heads for the Ionian Islands despite an epidemic among troops on Corfu . His son, Roger Borsa , lands on Cephalonia but Guiscard falls sick as his ship approaches the northernmost headland and is carried ashore, where he dies of fever (on July 17 ).
Emperor Henry IV declares the Peace of God in all the imperial territories of the Holy Roman Empire to quell any sedition.
June 15 – Vratislaus II , a son of Duke Bretislav I , becomes the first king of Bohemia and is elevated 'for life' by Henry IV.
Katedralskolan in Lund (modern Sweden ), the oldest school in Scandinavia , is founded by King Canute IV of Denmark .
England
China
Births
September 19 – Maria Komnene , Byzantine princess
Ahmad Sanjar , Seljuk ruler of Khorasan (approximate date)
Alberich of Reims , archbishop of Bourges (approximate date)[ 3]
Avempace , Andalusian polymath and philosopher (d. 1138 )
Constantine Komnenos , Byzantine aristocrat (approximate date)
Elizabeth of Vermandois , English countess (approximate date)
Floris II ("the Fat"), count of Holland (approximate date)
Gilbert of Sempringham , English priest (approximate date)
Imad ad-Din Zengi , Seljuk ruler of Mosul (approximate date)
Meginhard I , count of Sponheim (approximate date)
Otomae , Japanese female singer and musician (d. 1169 )
Otto II the Black , Moravian prince (approximate date)
Ralph I (or Raoul), count of Vermandois (approximate date)
Robert fitz Martin , Norman knight and nobleman (d. 1159 )
Stephen of Obazine , French priest and hermit (d. 1154 )
Waleran II , duke of Lower Lorraine (approximate date)
William of Montevergine , Italian monk and abbot (d. 1142 )
William, Count of Sully ("the Simple"), French nobleman (approximate date)
Zhang Zeduan , Chinese landscape painter (d. 1145 )
Zhu Bian , Chinese diplomat, poet and writer (d. 1144 )
Deaths
January 3 – Williram of Ebersberg , German abbot
April 1 – Shenzong , emperor of Song dynasty China (b. 1048 )
May 25 – Gregory VII , pope of the Catholic Church
May 27 – Gundred, Countess of Surrey (or Gundreda), English noblewoman
June 19 – Vitalis of Bernay , Norman monk and abbot
July 17 – Robert Guiscard , Norman warrior and nobleman
August 19 – Al-Juwayni , Persian scholar and imam (b. 1028 )
September 20 – Hermann II , German nobleman (b. 1049 )
Alfanus I (or Alfano), Italian physician and archbishop
Al-Lakhmi , Fatimid scholar, jurist and writer (b. 1006 )
Cheng Hao , Chinese neo-Confucian philosopher (b. 1032 )
Maitripada , Indian Buddhist philosopher (b. 1007 )
Osbern Giffard , Norman nobleman (approximate date)
Wang Gui , Chinese official and chancellor (b. 1019 )
Yūsuf Balasaguni , Karakhanid statesman (b. 1019)
References