Goudstandaard

Goudsertifikaat van die VSA, 1882
Goue munte


Die goudstandaard is 'n geldstelsel ingevolge waarvan 'n land se geldeenheid aan goud gekoppel word, goudmunt die wettige betaalmiddel is, ander munte as pasmunt gebruik word en banknote nie op sigself geld is nie, maar net verteenwoordigers is van 'n hoeveelheid goud. Die goud kan dan vrylik teen 'n vaste prys gekoop en verkoop word, vrylik gemunt, en in- en uitgevoer word.

Ingevolge die goudstandaard moes lande hulle binnelandse ekonomiese bedrywighede verslap of versnel ten einde 'n betalingsbalans met hulle handelsvennote te handhaaf. Die ideaal was dus dat elke land goedere van dieselfde waarde sou in- en uitvoer. Dit het, wanneer 'n land 'n te groot handelsoorskot gehad het, soms daartoe gelei dat die land doelbewus sy produksie moes verlaag en in baie gevalle werkloosheid moes laat toeneem.

Met hierdie stelsel was die wisselkoers dus die onveranderlike en die binnelandse ekonomiese lewe die veranderlike. Wisselkoerse is vasgestel en moes binne 'n noue band beweeg. So was 'n Britse pond gelyk aan 4,86656 Amerikaanse dollar, omdat daar 113 grein goud in 'n pond was en 23,22 grein goud in 'n dollar. Die werklike wisselkoers is naby aan dié muntpariteit gehou deur die beweging van goud tussen die lande wanneer daar tekorte of gunstige saldo's op hul betalingsbalanse ontwikkel het.

Toe lande nie meer gewillig was om binnelandse ekonomiese stabiliteit en volle indiensneming ter wille van konstante wisselkoerse op te offer nie, het hulle die goudstandaard een na die ander verlaat. Suid-Afrika het dit eers noodgedwonge in Desember 1934 gedoen toe die Groot Depressie op sy ergste was. Die goudprys het onmiddellik dramaties gestyg en die ekonomie het begin herstel. Die krisis lei tot die stigting van die Verenigde Party om politieke mag saam te snoer ten einde die land te red.

Herinstelling

Zimbabwe het geskiedenis gemaak nadat die land die goudstandaard heringestel het, om inflasie aan te pak en vertroue in die ekonomie te skep.Dit het 'n monetêre stelsel bekendgestel genaamd Zimbabwe Goud (ZiG) gerugsteun deur US$400 miljoen en 2 522 kg goud wat dus ’n totaal van US$575 miljoen se harde bates gee. Hierdie ontwikkeling het gekom nadat die Zimdollar op grond van amptelike koers van VS$1:ZWL2.50 by inleiding tot VS$1:ZWL30 672.42 op 5 April 2024 verpletter het, terwyl parallelmark teen verhandel het VS$1:ZWL42 500 ten tyde van verwydering.[1]

Verwysings

  1. ↑ "Zimbabwe Gold". Chronicles Zimbabwe. Besoek op 6 April 2024.

Bronne

  • Saunders, Christopher C. (raadgewende red.), An Illustrated Dictionary of South African History, Ibis Books and Editorial Services cc Sandton, 1994.
  • Scannell, J.P., Die Afrikaanse Kernensiklopedie, Nasionale Boekhandel Beperk, Kaapstad (et. al.), 1965.
  • Cameron, Trewhella (hoofred.), Nuwe Geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika, Human & Rousseau, Kaapstad en Pretoria, 1986.

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