François Rabelais

François Rabelais
Geboretussen 1483 en 1494
Chinon, Koninkryk van Frankryk
SterfVóór 14 Maart 1553 (tussen 61 en 70-jarige leeftyd)
Parys, Koninkryk van Frankryk
NasionaliteitFrans
Alma mater
  • Universiteit van Poitiers
  • Universiteit van Montpellier
BeroepSkrywer, geneeskundige, humanis, geestelike
BewegingRenaissance humanisme
Noemenswaardige werke
  • Gargantua en Pantagruel

François Rabelais (Frans: [fʁɑ̃swa ʁablɛ]; gebore tussen 1483 en 1494; sterf in 1553) was 'n Franse Renaissanceskrywer, Renaissance-humanis, geneeskundige, monnik en Grieks-geleerde. Hy is bekend as 'n skrywer van satire, die groteske, skunnige grappe, en liedjies.

Hy was 'n Christen maar terselfdertyd ook anti-klerikaal, en is deur sommige as 'n vrydenker beskou; as sulks het hy die beeld van 'n "bon vivant" uitgestraal. Die veelvuldige fasette van sy persoonlikheid lei dikwels daartoe dat hy as 'n teenstrydige persoonlikheid beskou word. Hy was vasgevang in die godsdienstige en politieke onrus van die Reformasie, en was beide sensitief en krities teenoor die groot vraagstukke van sy tyd.

Hy was 'n bewonderaar van Erasmus en het beide parodie en satire geskryf. Daarmee het hy geveg vir verdraagsaamheid, vrede, 'n evangeliese geloof en vir die terugkeer na die kennis van die antieke Grieks-Romeinse wêreld. Hy het Plato se werke voorgestaan as 'n manier waarop die buitensporighede van Aristotelianisme teëgewerk kon word. Hy was, wat sy kritiek op die skolastiek en die monastiek betref, dit eens met die Protestantisme, maar die godsdienshervormer Johannes Calvyn het hom nogtans in 1550 aangeval.

Vanweë sy literêre- en historiese belang beskou Westerse kritici hom as van die grootste skrywers van die wêreldliteratuur en as een van die skeppers van moderne Europese letterkunde. [1] Sy bekendste werk is Gargantua en Pantagruel. Die verhale waaruit die werk bestaan; met hul reusagtige karakters, heroies-komiese parodieë, eposse en ridderlikheid, bied 'n voorskou op die realistiese-, satiriese- en filosofiese romankuns; dit word derhalwe gesien as een van die eerste moderne romans.

Sy literêre nalatenskap is van so 'n aard dat die woord "Rabelaisies" geskep is, geïnspireer deur sy werk en lewe. Die Webster's Dictionary definieer die woord as iemand of iets wat "gekenmerk word deur growwe, robuuste humor, uitspattige karikature of gewaagde naturalisme". [2]

Werke

  • Gargantua en Pantagruel, 'n reeks van vyf boeke bestaande uit:
    • Pantagruel (1532)
    • La vie très horrifique du grand Gargantua, algemeen bekend as Gargantua (1534)
    • Le Tiers Livre ("Die derde boek", 1546)
    • Le Quart Livre ("Die vierde boek", 1552)
    • Le Cinquième Livre ('n vyfde boek, waarvan die outeurskap betwis word)

Verwysings

  1. Mihail Mihajlovič Bakhtin (1984). Rabelais and His World. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-253-20341-0.
  2. "Rabelaisian". Merriam-Webster.

Bronne

Kommentaar

  • Bakhtin, Mikhail, Tapani Laine, Paula Nieminen, en Erkki Salo. François Rabelais: Keskiajan Ja Renessanssin Nauru. Helsinki: Like, 1968.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail (1993). Rabelais and His World (in Engels). Vertaal deur Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Bowen, Barbara C. (1998). Enter Rabelais, Laughing. Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 978-0-8265-1306-9.
  • Dixon, J.E.G.; Dawson, John L. (1992). Concordance des Oeuvres de François Rabelais (in Frans). Geneva: Librairie Droz.
  • Febvre, Lucien (1982). The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century: The Religion of Rabelais (in Engels). Vertaal deur Beatrice Gottlieb. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Huchon, Mireille (2011). Rabelais (in Frans). Parys: Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-07-073544-0.
  • Kinser, Samuel (1990). Rabelais's Carnival: Text, Context, Metatext. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Screech, Michael A. (1979). Rabelais. Londen: Duckworth. ISBN 978-0-7156-1660-4.
  • Screech, Michael A. (1992). Rabelais. Tel (in Frans). Vertaal deur Marie-Anne de Kisch. Paris: Gallimard. OCLC 377631583.
  • Rabelais (in Nederlands). BZZLLETIN (literêre tydskrif). 1994.

Volledige Werke

  • Rabelais, François (1994). Œuvres complètes. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade (in Frans). édition établie, présentée et annotée par Mireille Huchon avec la collaboration de François Moreau. Parys: Gallimard. OCLC 31599267. Huchon 1994.
  • Frame, Donald Murdoch; Rabelais, François (1999). The complete works of François Rabelais (in Engels). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520064010. Frame.
  • Dresden, Sem (1972). Rabelais - Nuchtere Dronkenschap (in Nederlands). Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij. ISBN 0-7204-8238-0.

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