12de Dinastie van Egipte

’n Houtmodel van ’n dienskneg uit die 11de tot 12de Dinastie.

Die 12de Dinastie van Antieke Egipte (ook Dinastie XII geskryf) is omstreeks 1976 v.C. gestig deur Amenemhat I, die adviseur van die laaste koning van die 11de Dinastie. Hy het die hoofstad van Thebe na Memphis geskuif waar hy ’n nuwe stad met die naam "Amenemhat-itj-tawy" ("Amenemhat, die veroweraar van die Twee Lande"), of kortweg Itjtawy, laat bou het.

Die 12de Dinastie word saam met die 11de, 13de en 14de Dinastie beskou as die Middelryk van Egipte.

Heersers

Bekende farao's van die 12de Dinastie was:[1]

Farao Horusnaam Bewind Hoofstad Graftombe
Amenemhat I Sehetepibre 1991-1962 v.C. Itjtawy Piramide by Lisjt
Senoesret I (Sesostris I) Cheperkare 1971-1926 v.C. Itjtawy Piramide by Lisjt
Amenemhat II Noebkhaoere 1929-1895 v.C. Itjtawy Wit Piramide
Senoesret II (Sesostris II) Chacheperre 1897-1878 v.C. Itjtawy Piramide by el-Lahoen
Senoesret III (Sesostris III) Chakaoere 1878-1839 v.C. Itjtawy Piramide by Dahsjoer
Amenemhat III Nimaatre 1860-1814 v.C. Itjtawy Piramide by Dahsjoer
Amenemhat IV Maacheroere 1815-1806 v.C. Itjtawy
Koningin Sobekneferoe Sobekkare 1806 v.C. Itjtawy

Egiptoloë beskou die 12de Dinastie as die hoogtepunt van die Middelryk. Die volgorde van sy heersers is bekend uit verskeie bronne: twee lyste in tempels by Abydos en een by Saqqara, sowel as Manetho se werk.

In dié tyd is ’n paar letterkundige werke geskryf wat tydens die hele Egiptiese geskiedenis bekend sou bly, soos die verhaal van Sinuhe en van Wenamun. Die beeldhoukuns in dié tyd was ook besonder realisties en die piramides van die dinastie se farao's is gebou by Dahsjoer, Lisjt, Hawara en el-Lahoen.

Tydlyn

SobekneferoeAmenemhat IVAmenemhat IIISenoesret IIISenoesret IIAmenemhat IISenoesret IAmenemhat I

Verwysings

  1. Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Londen 2004


Voorafgegaan deur
11de Dinastie
12de Dinastie Opgevolg deur
13de Dinastie

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