Mazalim

Mazalim

Panji Dinasti Abbasiyah
Informasi Institusi Pemerintahan Abbasiyah
Dibentuk	Akhir akhir kedelapan
Dibubarkan	Abad ketiga belas
Wilayah hukum	Kekhalifahan
Kantor pusat	Bagdad Samarra
Institusi Pemerintahan Abbasiyah eksekutif	Khalifah Abbasiyah

Al-Maẓālim (bahasa Arab: المظالم, translit. al-maẓālim, har. 'ketidakadilan, keluhan') adalah lembaga pra-Islam kuno yang diadopsi oleh Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah pada abad kedelapan Masehi. Tujuan utama pengadilan maẓālim adalah untuk memberikan ganti rugi kepada masyarakat biasa.^[1] Al-Maẓālim atau pengadilan sultan, dibedakan dari pengadilan syurṭah atau polisi.^[2]

1. ^ Duindam, J.; Harries, J.D.; Humfress, C.; Nimrod, H. (2013). Law and Empire: Ideas, Practices, Actors. Rulers & Elites. Brill. hlm. 40. ISBN 978-90-04-24951-6. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-19. the mazalim tribunals were an ancient institution that was adopted by the ʿabbasids in the eighth century. Its main purpose was to enable ordinary subjects to complain about the administrative elite of the empire.
2. ^ Vikør, K.S. (2005). Between God and the Sultan: A History of Islamic Law. Oxford University Press. hlm. 191. ISBN 978-0-19-522398-9. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-19. group them into two main types recognized by the adab literature: mazalim, or the sultan's court, and shurta, police courts.

• Tyan, Emile. Histoire de l'organisation judiciaire en pays d'Islam. Leiden: Brill, 1960.
• Nielsen, Jorgen. Secular Justice in an Islamic State: Maẓālim under the Baḥrī Mamlūks, 662/1264-789/1387. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul, 1985.
• Tillier, Mathieu. Qādī-s and the political use of the mazālim jurisdiction under the ʿAbbāsids. In Maribel Fierro and Christian Lange (eds.), Public Violence in Islamic Societies: Power, Discipline, and the Construction of the Public Sphere, 7th-18th Centuries CE. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, p. 42-66. Online: http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/38/82/PDF/Tillier-Mazalim-Epreuves.pdf
• Tillier, Mathieu. The Maẓālim in Historiography. In A.M. Emon and R. Ahmed (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Islamic Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, p. 357-380.
• van Berkel, Maaike. Embezzlement and reimbursement. Disciplining officials in ‘Abbāsid Baghdad (8th-10th centuries A.D.). International Journal of Public Administration, 34 (2011), p. 712-719.