Sejarah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (1989-2002)

Jiang Zemin dianggap sebagai Pemimpin Kelompok Kepemimpinan Tiongkok Generasi Ketiga

Setelah peristiwa unjuk rasa Lapangan Tiananmen 1989, Deng Xiaoping secara resmi pensiun dan digantikan oleh mantan Wali Kota Shanghai Jiang Zemin. Tindakan keras pemerintah pada tahun 1989 tersebut, menyebabkan merosotnya reputasi Tiongkok secara global dan dijatuhi beberapa sanksi internasional. Namun, situasi berangsur-angsur kembali stabil. Gagasan Deng tentang "checks and balances" (pelaksana kekuasaan negara saling mengawasi dan mengontrol) dalam sistem politiknya juga ikut pensiun ketika Jiang mengonsolidasikan kekuasaan di partai, negara bagian dan militer. Tahun 1990-an, Tiongkok mengalami perkembangan ekonomi yang sehat, tetapi penutupan beberapa BUMN Tiongkok, korupsi, pengangguran, bersamaan dengan masalah lingkungan, selalu merongrong Tiongkok, ditambah dengan meningkatnya konsumerisme, kejahatan, dan gerakan spiritual-religius seperti Falun Gong,[1] yang mengalami pelecehan, penangkapan, penyiksaan atau hal lain yang lebih buruk, menurut sumber-sumber Falun Gong.[2] Tahun 1990-an, salah satu peristiwa politik yang terjadi adalah penyerahan damai Hong Kong dan Makau kepada kendali Tiongkok di bawah formula Satu Negara, Dua Sistem. Tiongkok juga mengalami gelombang baru nasionalisme ketika menghadapi krisis di luar negeri.

Referensi

  1. ^ "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 28, 2007. Diakses tanggal May 23, 2006. 
  2. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2022-03-01. 


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