Ratna cempaka

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang mineral atau batu permata. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Ratna cempaka (disambiguasi).
Ratna cempaka
Kumpulan kristal topaz pada matriks
Umum
KategoriMineral silikat
Rumus
(unit berulang)		Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
Sistem kristalortorombik
Identifikasi
WarnaJernih (jika tidak ada impuritas), biru, cokelat, jingga, abu-abu, kuning, hijau, merah muda dan merah muda kemerah-merahan.
Belahan[001] Sempurna
Frakturkonkoidal
Kekerasan dalam skala Mohs8 (mineral penentu)
Kilaukaca
Goresputih
DiafaneitasTransparan
Berat jenis3.49–3.57
Sifat optikBiaksial (+)
Indeks biasnα = 1.606–1.629
nβ = 1.609–1.631
nγ = 1.616–1.638
Bias gandaδ = 0.010
PleokroismeLemah di bagian tebal
Sifat lainFluoresen, UV pendek=kuning emas, UV panjang=krim
Referensi[1][2][3][4]

Topaz adalah mineral silikat yang terdiri dari aluminium dan fluorin dengan formula kimia Al2SiO4(F,OH)2. Topaz mengkristal dalam bentuk ortorombik dan sebagian kristalnya berbentuk prisma berujung piramida atau bentuk lain. Di Indonesia permata topaz dikenal juga sebagai ratna cempaka.[5]

Warna dan variasi

Ratna cempaka murni tidak berwarna dan transparan, namun biasanya diwarnai oleh impuritas. Ratna cempaka biasa berwarna kuning, abu-abu muda atau jingga kemerahan, dan biru cokelat. Selain itu ada juga warna putih, hijau muda, biru, emas, merah jambu (langka), kuning kemerahan atau opak sampai transparan.

Sifat

Dalam skala Mohs, Ratna cempaka merupakan mineral dengan tingkat kekerasan yang tinggi. Nilainya berada pada tingkat 8. Jenis mineral pada tingkat 8 memiliki sifat permukaan yang dapat menggores kaca.[6]

Lokasi

Ratna cempaka sering dikaitkan dengan batuan beku silisik jenis granit dan riolit. Mineral ini mengkristal di dalam pegmatit granit atau lubang uap di aliran lava riolit seperti di Pegunungan Ratna Cempaka di barat Utah. Ratna cempaka dapat ditemukan bersama fluorit dan kasiterit di berbagai daerah termasuk Pegunungan Ural dan Ilmen di Rusia, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Republik Ceko, Jerman, Norwegia, Pakistan, Italia, Swedia, Jepang, Brasil, Meksiko, Pulau Flinders, Australia, Nigeria, dan Amerika Serikat.

Galeri

  • Topaz tak berwarna, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    Topaz tak berwarna, Minas Gerais, Brazil
  • Belahan topaz biru
    Belahan topaz biru
  • Topaz merah
    Topaz merah
  • Batu topaz Kekaisaran
    Batu topaz Kekaisaran
  • Belahan topaz dalam berbagai warna, termasuk mistik.
    Belahan topaz dalam berbagai warna, termasuk mistik.
  • Topaz emas Amerika
    Topaz emas Amerika

Referensi

  1. ^ Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., ISBN 0-471-80580-7
  2. ^ Topaz in Handbook of Mineralogy
  3. ^ Topaz at Mindat
  4. ^ Topaz at Webmineral
  5. ^ Idea, Zack's (2015-02-09). "Nama nama batu akik/mulia dalam bahasa inggris". Ilmu batu (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-06-01. 
  6. ^ Fitri, Yuni Rahma (2015). 1001 Aksesori dari Batu Mulia: Ensiklopedi dan Tutorial Craft. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. hlm. 6. ISBN 978-602-03-2646-7. 

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