Quercus dentata

Quercus dentata, juga disebut pohon ek kaisar Jepang atau pohon ek daimyo (Jepang: 柏, kashiwa; Hanzi tradisional: 柞櫟; Hanzi sederhana: 柞栎; Pinyin: zuòlì; bahasa Korea: 떡갈나무, tteokgalnamu) adalah spesies pohon ek asli Asia Timur (Jepang, Korea, dan Tiongkok). Nama pohon ini sering diterjemahkan sebagai "pohon ek manis" dalam bahasa Inggris untuk membedakannya dari varietas Barat.[1] Pohon ini ditempatkan di bagian Quercus.[2]

Deskripsi

Quercus dentata adalah pohon peluruh yang tumbuh hingga tingginya 20–25 meter (66–82 kaki), dengan batang berdiameter hingga 1 m (3 ft 3 in). Dedaunannya luar biasa karena ukurannya, di antara semua pohon ek terbesar, terdiri dari tangkai daun pendek berbulu, panjang 1–15 sentimeter (3⁄8–5+7⁄8 inci), dan bilah sepanjang 10–40 cm (4–15+1⁄2 in) dan lebar 15–30 cm (6–12 in), dengan tepi berlekuk dangkal; bentuknya mengingatkan pada daun ek bertangkai besar. Daunnya sering kali tetap mati di pohon hingga musim dingin. Kedua sisi daun awalnya berbulu halus dengan permukaan atas menjadi halus.[1]

Bunganya tumbuh pada bulan Mei; bunga jantan berupa catkin yang menggantung. Bunga betina tidak bertangkai, tumbuh di dekat ujung tunas baru, menghasilkan biji pohon ek sepanjang 1,2–2,3 cm dan lebar 1,2–1,5 cm, dalam cangkir bersisik lebat dan lebar; biji pohon ek matang pada bulan September hingga Oktober.[1]

Budidaya di luar Asia Timur

Quercus dentata diperkenalkan ke Kepulauan Britania Raya pada tahun 1830, di mana ia kadang-kadang ditanam di kebun raya. Biasanya lebih kecil saat dibudidayakan daripada di alam liar, tumbuh menjadi pohon kecil bersudut atau semak besar yang tidak beraturan. Spesimen terkenal termasuk satu di Osterley Park, setinggi 14 m (46 ft) dan lingkar 1,5 m, dan yang terbesar, setinggi 18 m (59 ft), di Avondale Forest Park, County Wicklow, Irlandia.[3][4][5]

Penggunaan kuliner

Dalam hidangan Korea, biji pohon ek (dalam bahasa Korea: 도토리, dotori) telah digunakan sejak zaman Tiga Kerajaan. Makanan yang terkenal adalah dotorimuk.

Dalam hidangan Jepang, daunnya digunakan sebagai pembungkus kashiwamochi.[6]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c Templat:EFloras
  2. ^ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. Diakses tanggal 2023-02-17. 
  3. ^ Mitchell, A. F. (1974).
  4. ^ Phillips, R. (1978).
  5. ^ Lancaster, R. (1981).
  6. ^ Quercus dentata, with photos (pdf file; in Japanese)[pranala nonaktif permanen]

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