Francisco Macías Nguema

Francisco Macías Nguema (1968)

Francisco Macias Nguema (lahir, 1 Januari 1924 – meninggal, 29 September 1979) adalah seorang Presiden pertama negara Equatorial Guinea, yang menjabat dari tahun 1968 sampai tahun 1979.[1]

Macias Nguema terlahir sebagai Mez-m Ngueme, Macias Nguema adalah anak dari seorang dukun.[2] Ia gagal dalam ujian pelayanan sipil tiga kali.[2] Namun, Macias Nguema akhirnya naik ke posisi wali kota Mongomo di bawah pemerintahan kolonial Spanyol, dan kemudian menjabat sebagai anggota parlemen teritorial.[2] Pada tahun 1964, Macias Nguema diangkat wakil perdana menteri pemerintah transisi otonom.[2] Kemudian Macias Nguema mengikuti pemilu untuk menjadi presiden negara merdeka dan melawan Perdana Menteri Bonifacio Ondo Edu pada platform sangat nasionalis dalam apa yang ternyata menjadi satu-satunya pemilu yang jujur di negara itu, pada tahun 1968.[2] Macias Nguema mengalahkan Ondo Edu di limpasan dan disumpah sebagai presiden pada tanggal 12 Oktober 1968.[2] Macias Nguema dianggap sebagai salah satu pemimpin yang paling kleptokratis, korup dan diktator dalam sejarah Afrika pasca-kolonial.[2] Pada tahun 1971-1973, Ia merebut semua kekuasaan negara melalui keputusan.[3] Dia mencabut konstitusi dan diasumsikan semua kekuasaan legislatif, yudikatif dan eksekutif sebagai Presiden-for Life.[3] Pada 1979, bahkan rekan dekat dari Nguema telah menyadari bahwa dia gila dan kehilangan kepercayaan dalam dirinya.[3] Ia melampaui batas dirinya sendiri ketika dia membunuh anggota keluarga pada tahun yang sama.[3] Pada 3 Agustus 1979 keponakannya dan penasihat militer utama, Letnan Kolonel Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo dieksekusi.[3] Dia mengumumkan pembebasan semua tahanan, mencabut larangan Gereja Katolik dan melanjutkan hubungan dengan Barat.[3]

Rujukan

  1. ^ "Encyclopedia Britannica". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-18. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2014. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Francisco Macias Nguema". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-10-27. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2014. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Macias Nguema, Francisco". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-04. Diakses tanggal 24 Juni 2014. 

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