Distrik Hoàng Su Phì

Distrik Hoàng Su Phì
Huyện Hoàng Su Phì
Distrik
Terasering sawah di Bản Phùng, Hoàng Su Phì
Terasering sawah di Bản Phùng, Hoàng Su Phì
Negara Vietnam
RegionTimur Laut
ProvinsiHà Giang
Ibu kotaVinh Quang
Luas
 • Total243 sq mi (629 km2)
Populasi
 (2019)
 • Total66,683 [1]
Zona waktuUTC+7 (Waktu Indochina)

Hoàng Su Phì adalah sebuah distrik desa (huyện) di provinsi Hà Giang, wilayah Timur Laut, Vietnam. Hingga 2019 distrik ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebanyak 66.683 jiwa.[1] Distrik ini memiliki area seluas 629 km². Ibu kota distrik ini berada di Vinh Quang.[2] Hoàng Su Phì terkenal dengan terasering sawahnya, khususnya di jalan antara Hoàng Su Phì dan Xín Mần, dimana sawah-sawah tersebut diklasifikasikan sebagai Warisan Nasional oleh Pemerintah Vietnam.

Sejarah

Nama Hoàng Su Phì atau Hoàng Thụ Bì berarti "kulit kayu kuning" dari bahasa Hmong. Makna tersebut mengindikasikan kayu dari Cupressus funebris, yang merupakan pohon khas lokal.

Menurut banyak legenda rakyat dan catatan sejarah, area pegunungan ini tidak memiliki nama pada masa lalu dan merupakan lokasi sengketa antara banyak keluarga berkuasa di perbatasan Tiongkok-Vietnam.

Setelah resmi menjadi bagian dari Annam sejak abad ke-18 di bawah persetujuan Dinasti Qing, tanah ini hampir menjadi milik keluarga Vàng.

Setelah pemerintah Vietminh mengambil alih Hoàng Su Phì pada tahun 1955, kepadatan penduduk masih sangat rendah. Situasi perkawinan anak dan inses telah menyebabkan tergerusnya kualitas penduduk.

Sejak tahun 1980-an, sebuah gerakan migrasi diluncurkan di Delta Sungai Merah dengan tujuan untuk mengatasi keterpurukan ekonomi di perkotaan dan juga membantu memulihkan penduduk di wilayah perbatasan. Program penghijauan yang dilakukan oleh UNICEF dan sponsor pemerintah Vietnam telah mengubah Hoàng Su Phì menjadi alamat material kayu paling berharga di Vietnam Utara.

Hingga awal tahun 2020-an, sebagian besar penduduk di kawasan ini adalah keturunan insinyur pertanian dan kehutanan, yaitu mereka yang meninggalkan desa-desa miskin dari Hanoi atau Nam Định untuk mereklamasi pada tahun 1980–90-an.

Pembagian administratif

Distrik Hoàng Su Phì terdiri dari ibu kota distrik, Vinh Quang, dan 24 komune: Bản Luốc, Bản Máy, Bản Nhùng, Bản Péo, Bản Phùng, Chiến Phố, Đản Ván, Hồ Thầu, Nam Sơn, Nàng Đôn, Nậm Dịch, Nậm Khòa, Nậm Ty, Ngàm Đăng Vài, Pố Lồ, Pờ Ly Ngài, Sán Xả Hồ, Tả Sử Choóng, Tân Tiến, Thàng Tín, Thèn Chu Phìn, Thông Nguyên, Tụ Nhân dan Túng Sán.

Iklim

Di distrik ini, Januari adalah bulan terdingin menurut suhu rata-rata bulanan dengan suhu rata-rata 14,5 derajat Celsius, sedangkan Juni merupakan bulan terpanas dengan suhu rata-rata 26,4 derajat Celsius. Distrik ini menerima curah hujan tinggi dari April hingga Oktober dan curah hujan sedang hingga rendah dari November hingga Maret. Rekor suhu terpanas tercatat pada bulan Mei dengan suhu 39,9 derajat Celcius, sedangkan rekor suhu terdingin tercatat pada bulan Desember dengan suhu –0,1 derajat Celsius.

Data iklim Hoàng Su Phì, ketinggian 553 m (1.814 ft)
Bulan Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Agt Sep Okt Nov Des Tahun
Rekor tertinggi °C (°F) 30.9
(87.6) 		35.4
(95.7) 		38.0
(100.4) 		38.2
(100.8) 		39.9
(103.8) 		38.5
(101.3) 		36.9
(98.4) 		37.3
(99.1) 		37.0
(98.6) 		34.0
(93.2) 		33.1
(91.6) 		30.3
(86.5) 		39.9
(103.8)
Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6) 		21.2
(70.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		28.5
(83.3) 		30.8
(87.4) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.3
(86.5) 		27.4
(81.3) 		24.3
(75.7) 		20.9
(69.6) 		26.8
(80.2)
Rata-rata harian °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1) 		16.3
(61.3) 		19.4
(66.9) 		23.1
(73.6) 		25.4
(77.7) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.9
(78.6) 		24.6
(76.3) 		22.1
(71.8) 		18.7
(65.7) 		15.3
(59.5) 		21.5
(70.7)
Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9) 		13.1
(55.6) 		16.1
(61) 		19.4
(66.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		23.0
(73.4) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.6
(72.7) 		21.3
(70.3) 		19.0
(66.2) 		15.4
(59.7) 		12.1
(53.8) 		18.2
(64.8)
Rekor terendah °C (°F) 0.2
(32.4) 		2.9
(37.2) 		3.7
(38.7) 		9.4
(48.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		15.7
(60.3) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.8
(64) 		13.2
(55.8) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.4
(39.9) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−0.1
(31.8)
Presipitasi mm (inci) 21.4
(0.843) 		19.2
(0.756) 		47.7
(1.878) 		93.6
(3.685) 		186.2
(7.331) 		276.4
(10.882) 		356.3
(14.028) 		322.5
(12.697) 		163.7
(6.445) 		103.3
(4.067) 		50.6
(1.992) 		22.0
(0.866) 		1.668,8
(65,701)
Rata-rata hari hujan 6.1 5.6 6.6 10.8 15.5 19.2 22.5 21.3 14.8 12.1 8.0 5.0 147.9
% kelembapan 81.1 79.4 77.6 77.0 77.3 81.1 83.4 83.9 82.9 82.4 81.3 80.9 80.7
Rata-rata sinar matahari bulanan 89.8 89.4 132.4 165.2 175.0 145.1 152.4 164.0 150.7 122.6 121.4 112.3 1.622,6
Sumber: Institut Ilmu dan Teknologi Pembangunan Vietnam[3]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5. 
  2. ^ "Districts of Vietnam". Statoids. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2009. 
  3. ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 16 Agustus 2023. 

23°40′01″N 104°40′01″E / 23.667°N 104.667°E / 23.667; 104.667

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