Charles Holden

Charles Henry Holden
Potret Charles Holden karya Benjamin Nelson, 1910
Lahir(1875-05-12)12 Mei 1875
Great Lever, Bolton, Lancashire, Inggris
Meninggal1 Mei 1960(1960-05-01) (umur 84)
Harmer Green, Hertfordshire, Inggris
PekerjaanArsitek
PenghargaanRIBA London Architecture Medal 1929 (dianugerahkan 1931)
RIBA Royal Gold Medal (1936)
Royal Designers for Industry (1943)
PraktikAdams, Holden & Pearson
Gedung55 Broadway
Senate House
Perpustakaan Pusat Bristol
Stasiun London Underground
Kuburan untuk Komisi Kuburan Perang Kerajaan

Charles Henry Holden Litt.D, FRIBA, MRTPI, RDI (12 Mei 1875 – 1 Mei 1960) adalah arsitek kelahiran Bolton, Inggris yang dikenal karena merancang banyak stasiun London Underground selama tahun 1920-an dan 1930-an, Perpustakaan Pusat Bristol, kantor pusat Perusahaan Kereta Api Bawah Tanah Listrik London di Broadway 55 dan Senate House di Universitas London. Dia juga banyak mendesain kuburan perang di Belgia dan Prancis utara untuk Komisi Kuburan Perang Kerajaan.

Setelah bekerja dan berlatih di Bolton dan Manchester, Holden pindah ke London. Bangunan awalnya dipengaruhi oleh Gerakan seni dan kriya, tetapi untuk sebagian besar kariernya ia memperjuangkan gaya tanpa hiasan berdasarkan pada bentuk yang disederhanakan dan massa yang bebas dari apa yang ia anggap sebagai hiasan dekoratif yang tidak perlu.[note 1] Holden sangat meyakini bahwa desain arsitektur harus ditentukan oleh fungsi bangunannya. Setelah Perang Dunia Pertama ia semakin menyederhanakan gaya dan desainnya menjadi arsitektur modern, dipengaruhi oleh arsitektur Eropa. Dia adalah anggota dari Asosiasi Desain dan Industri dan Serikat Pekerja Seni. Dia menghasilkan desain lengkap untuk bangunannya termasuk desain interior dan perlengkapan arsitektur.

Meski bukan tanpa kritik, karya arsitekturnya sangat dihargai. Dia dianugerahi RIBA Royal Gold Medal oleh Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA's) pada tahun 1936[1], menjabat sebagai wakil presiden RIBA dari 1935–37 dan anggota Royal Fine Art Commission dari 1933 hingga 1947.[1] Tahun 1943 ia ditetapkan menerima penghargaan Royal Designers for Industry untuk desain peralatan transportasi.[2] Dia juga mendapat gelar doktor kehormatan dari Universitas Manchester pada 1936 dan Universitas London 1946.[1] Desain stasiun London Underground-nya menjadi desain standar perusahaan yang memengaruhi desain semua arsitek lainnya yang bekerja untuk organisasi pada 1930-an. Banyak dari bangunannya telah diberikan status bangunan terdaftar, melindungi bangunan-bangunan itu dari perubahan yang tidak disetujui. Dia dua kali menolak tawaran gelar ksatria.

Senate House, rumah bagi kantor administrasi dan perpustakaan Universitas London
A multi-storey office building in white stone. Two wings containing many small windows meet at right angles. The building is topped by a tower with a flag pole.
Kantor pusat UERL di 55 Broadway
A large red brick building with steep slate covered roofs
Rumah Sakit Anak Belgrave
A cream coloured stone building with three projecting bay windows on the upper floor above which are sculptural groups
Depan
A cylindrical drum-shaped stair structure in cream stone sits at the junction of two taller blocks
Belakang
A tall internal space divided by Ionic and Doric columns is overlooked by two levels of balconies
Ruang baca
Perpustakaan Pusat Bristol
A red brick rectangular box shaped building with a concrete roof and two pairs of glazed screens
Stasiun Sudbury Town
A circular red brick building with concrete roof and glazed screens rises over a lower building
Stasiun Arnos Grove
A low circular building with a wide awning is surmounted by a glazed column with a metal ball on the top
Stasiun Southgate
Stasiun Piccadilly line

Catatan

  1. ^ In architecture, "form" refers to the geometric shapes from which a building's basic design is composed; "massing" refers to the size of the shapes, their bulk and the way in which they are grouped together.

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c Who Was Who 2007.
  2. ^ Hutton & Crawford 2007.

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