阿列斯·比亚利亚茨基

阿列斯·比亚利亚茨基 2022諾貝爾和平獎得主
Алесь Бяляцкі
畢亞利亞茨基，攝於2011年
出生 (1962-09-25) 1962年9月25日（62歲）
 苏联蘇俄卡累利阿苏维埃社会主义自治共和国维亚尔齐利亚
（今屬  俄羅斯卡累利阿共和國）
国籍 白俄羅斯
知名于白俄罗斯民主运动参与者
春天人权中心创办人
配偶Natallia Pinchuk
奖项

阿列斯·维克托罗维奇·比亚利亚茨基（白俄羅斯語：Алесь Віктаравіч Бяляцкі，羅馬化：Alieś Viktaravič Bialiacki；1962年9月25日—），白俄罗斯民主运动（英语：Belarusian democracy movement）参与者，春天人权中心创办人[1]，国际人权联盟副主席[2]。

2020年，阿列斯获得有“另类诺贝尔奖”之称的正确生活方式奖。2022年，阿列斯与人权组织「纪念」和「公民自由中心」共同获得诺贝尔和平奖。2023年3月遭白俄羅斯法院以資助抗議活動和逃稅等罪名判處10年徒刑。

生平

阿列斯·比亚利亚茨基出生在维亚尔齐利亚（今属俄罗斯联邦卡累利阿共和国），父亲维克托（Вікта）来自白俄罗斯戈梅利州拉加喬烏斯基區，母亲妮娜（Ніна）来自納勞良斯基區。1965年，阿列斯一家回到白俄罗斯，在斯韦特洛戈尔斯克定居。

1984年，阿列斯从戈梅利州立大学（英语：Francisk Skorina Gomel State University）毕业，获得白俄罗斯语和俄罗斯语语文学学位。大学毕业后，阿列斯在戈梅利州列利奇茨基区当教师。1985年到1986年，阿列斯在驻叶卡捷琳堡郊区反坦克炮兵营担任装甲车司机。1989年，获得白俄罗斯科学院（英语：Belarusian Academy of Sciences）博士学位，在白俄罗斯文学史博物馆担任初级研究员，当选马克西姆·波格丹诺维奇（英语：Maksim Bahdanovič）文学博物馆馆长。1991年至1996年，任明斯克市议会议员。

阿列斯从1980年代起参加民主运动。1996年，阿列斯创办春天人权中心。2003年10月28日，白俄罗斯最高法院（英语：Supreme Court of Belarus）宣布取消春天的注册组织资格，春天转以无登记身份继续运作[3]。

2011年10月，白俄罗斯当局以避税罪名判处阿列斯四年零五个月监禁，当时阿列斯积极参与当年的民主抗争运动（英语：2011 Belarusian protests）[4]。2014年7月，为庆祝白俄罗斯战胜纳粹德国70周年，阿列斯获当局大赦[5]。到2021年，继续参与民主运动的阿列斯再被当局指控避税罪名，若被定罪，阿列斯会面临最高7年监禁[6]。

2022年，仍在狱中的阿列斯获诺贝尔和平奖[7][8]，是继德国卡尔·冯·奥西茨基（1935年）、缅甸翁山蘇姬（1991年）、中国刘晓波（2010年）之后，第四位在服刑或拘禁期间获得诺贝尔奖的人士。

参考资料

  1. ^ Homo Homini Award. People in Need. 2005 [2011-06-03]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-28）. 
  2. ^ Warning against Mr. Ales Bialatski, President of the Human Rights Centre (HRC). International Federation for Human Rights. 2011-02-16 [2022-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-01）. 
  3. ^ About Viasna. spring96.org. [2022-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07） （白俄罗斯语）. 
  4. ^ Case History: Ales Bialiatski. Front Line Defenders. 2015-12-17 [2022-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-04）. 
  5. ^ Belarus: Human Rights Defender Freed. Human Rights Watch. 2014-06-23 [2022-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-08）. 
  6. ^ Belarus Authorities ‘Purge’ Human Rights Defenders. Human Rights Watch. 2021-10-07 [2022-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）. 
  7. ^ The Nobel Peace Prize 2022. NobelPrize.org. [2022-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07） （美国英语）. 
  8. ^ Nobel Peace Prize to activists from Belarus, Russia, Ukraine. Onmanorama. 2022-10-07 [2022-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07）. 

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