越南爪哇犀

越南爪哇犀
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
科: 犀科 Rhinocerotidae
属: 獨角犀屬 Rhinoceros
种:
爪哇犀 R. sondaicus
亚种:
越南爪哇犀 R. s. annamiticus
三名法
Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus
Heude, 1892

越南爪哇犀學名Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus ,英文:Vietnamese Javan Rhinoceros ),是爪哇犀的一個亞種,其學名 annamiticus 來源為棲息地之一的安南山脈(Annamite Mountain Range),據基因分析結果,該亞種與爪哇犀的另一亞種 R. s. sondaicus 是在 30-200 萬年前由同一祖先演化而來[1]

该亚种曾廣泛分布於越南柬埔寨老挝泰國馬來西亞中国西南。20 世纪初就因过度捕杀而在中国绝迹,越戰後在东南亚各国都已绝迹,只有越南还有一个小种群残存,分布在胡志明市以北的吉仙國家公園中,數量极少,可能只有 13 头。被重新發現是在1989年,由紅外線照相機所拍攝的照片。

越南曾一度想通过人工捕捉圈养繁殖重新復育這個亞種,但是因為数量极其稀少,难以进行捕捉。加上偷猎者的猖獗,这最后仅存的 13 头越南爪哇犀,除去几头是正常死亡,大部分都是倒在了偷猎者的枪口下。

2011 年 10 月 25 日,世界自然基金會宣佈最後一頭越南爪哇犀於 2010 年 4 月被偷猎者杀害,爪哇犀從越南絕跡,該亚种灭绝。

參考資料

  1. ^ Prithiviraj Fernando, Gert Polet, Nazir Foead, Linda S. Ng, Jennifer Pastorini and Don J. Melnick. Genetic diversity, phylogeny and conservation of the Javan rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sondaicus ). Conservation Genetics volume 7, Number 3. doi:10.1007/s10592-006-9139-4 (英语). [永久失效連結]

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