谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·维诺格拉茨基

谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·维诺格拉茨基
出生1856年9月1日
 俄罗斯帝国基辅
逝世1953年2月25日(1953歲—02—25)(96歲)
 法國布里孔特罗贝尔
国籍 法國
母校圣彼得堡国立大学
知名于氮循环
化能生物
硫氧化細菌英语Beggiatoa
奖项列文虎克奖章 (1935)
皇家学会成员 [1]
科学生涯
研究领域微生物学
机构聖彼得堡音樂學院
圣彼得堡国立大学
斯特拉斯堡大学
巴斯德研究院
受影响自马丁努斯·威廉·拜耶林克
施影响于赛尔曼·A·瓦克斯曼

谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·维诺格拉茨基(俄语:Сергей Николаевич Виноградский,1856年9月1日—1953年2月25日),俄国微生物学家生态学家,和土壤科学家。他首创生命的循环概念,[2][3]他是土壤微生物学的创立者之一。

在1887年对于贝日阿托菌属英语Beggiatoa的研究期间,他发现了第一个已知的无机营养生物英语Lithotroph形式。他报告说贝日阿托菌属英语Beggiatoa氧化硫化氢(H2S)作为能量来源,并形成细胞内部的的微滴。[4]此研究提供了无机营养生物英语Lithotroph的第一个例子,但不是自养生物

他首先发现硝化作用硝化细菌所引起。在1885~1888年间,他分离得到能使氧化亚硝酸盐亚硝化单胞菌属亚硝化球菌属以及能使亚硝酸盐氧化为硝酸盐硝化杆菌属两种细菌。同时,他还研究了贝日阿托氏菌后确定了它利用无机物硫化氢作为能源、以二氧化碳作为碳源。他的研究揭示了土壤中化能无机营养型细菌的存在。

参看

脚注

  1. ^ H. G. Thornton. Sergei Nicholaevitch Winogradsky, 1856-1953. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1953-11-01, 8 (22): 635–644 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1479-571X. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1953.0022 (英语). 
  2. ^ S. A. Waksman. Sergei Nikolaevitch Winogradsky: 1856-1953. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1953-07-10, 118 (3054): 36–37 [2019-02-13]. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 13076173. 
  3. ^ Martin Dworkin. Sergei Winogradsky: a founder of modern microbiology and the first microbial ecologist. FEMS microbiology reviews. 2012-3, 36 (2): 364–379 [2019-02-13]. ISSN 1574-6976. PMID 22092289. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00299.x. (原始内容存档于2019-02-07). 
  4. ^ Winogradsky S. Über Schwefelbakterien. Bot. Zeitung. 1887, (45): 489–610. 

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