袁顗(420年—466年),字景章,陳郡陽夏人。袁顗出身高門甲族陳郡袁氏,其叔就是因反對劉劭弒逆而被殺的袁淑。袁顗歷仕內外,義嘉之難時支持尋陽劉子勛政權,並以都督征討諸軍事領導大軍,但因遭明帝軍阻斷糧道、主將逃亡而棄軍潰逃,不久被殺。
袁顗初獲授豫州主簿,舉秀才,但他沒有應職。後來當過始興王劉濬的後軍行參軍、著作佐郎、龐陵王劉紹的南中郎主簿、武陵王劉駿的征虜及撫軍主簿、廬江太守、尚書都官郎、江夏王劉義恭的驃騎記室參軍,汝陰王文學、太子洗馬等職。元嘉三十年(453年),劉劭起兵變弒宋文帝,當時袁顗跟著擔任吳郡太守的父親袁洵住在吳郡,及後會稽太守隨王劉誕出兵討伐劉劭,板授袁顗為其諮議參軍。
同年劉劭被殺,武陵王劉駿即位,是為宋孝武帝,當過正員郎及晉陵太守。袁洵去世後,袁顗在守喪期過後再出仕,任中書侍郎,再除晉陵太守,並承襲父爵南昌縣五等子。大明二年(458年),袁顗出任東海王刘祎的平南司馬,兼尋陽太守,行江州事。同年十月,義陽王劉昶代劉祎担任江州刺史[1],袁顗留任尋陽太守,轉為劉昶的前軍司馬,但不久劉昶罷前將軍府,袁顗就解司馬職。大明四年(460年),孝武帝以尋陽郡為尋陽國,封第六皇子劉子房為尋陽王,袁顗職位就改為尋陽內史,加寧朔將軍。不久又1轉任劉子房的冠軍司馬,以寧朔將軍行淮南宣城二郡事。
大明五年(461年),袁顗受召入朝尚太子中庶子,御史中丞,領本州大中正,終於大明七年(463年)升任侍中。大明八年(464年)加領前軍將軍;當年孝武帝去世,皇太子劉子業即位為帝,即宋前廢帝。前廢帝在當太子時時常犯錯,而且孝武帝在位後期寵愛殷淑儀所生的兒子劉子鸞,一度有廢太子的念頭,但袁顗卻在孝武帝面前極言太子好學,並每日進步,最終都讓前廢帝保住了太子地位。另一方面,孝武帝原本對沈慶之的才能不太欣賞,言談間都當貶損他,袁顗又對孝武帝稱許慶之忠誠勤懇,又有才略,足以擔當重任。這兩事都讓前廢帝及沈慶之記在心中,而直至景和元年(465年)前廢帝消滅了以江夏王劉義恭為首的幾名大臣,得以自主朝政後就升袁顗為吏部尚書,並進封新淦縣子,正打算重用。可是沒多久,前廢帝發現袁顗的想法與他並不合拍,就不再寵信他了,原本命令袁顗和沈慶之和及徐爰參與選舉事,不久卻以此為罪狀命有司彈劾他;一次隨同出遊湖熟,共數日的行程都不獲召見。袁顗見此,害怕大禍臨頭,於是託辭請求外任,時任太尉的沈慶之也出言襄助,終讓前廢帝批准袁顗任使持節、督雍梁南北秦四州郢州之竟陵隨二郡諸軍事、領寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史[2]。臨行前,袁顗舅舅蔡興宗說代表雍州的星象很差,不應冒險。袁顗卻認為這次外任是逃出虎口保命,緩急先後這正如白刃交前而暫時不避流矢一樣,最終狼狽上路,一直走到江州尋陽時仍看不見前廢帝有派人追還他,才放下心頭大石,高興地說:「今始免矣。」在尋陽時與行江州事鄧琬相當親好,每次拜會都達一整日夜,人們認為二人籍貫本就不同,這樣親好當有異志。袁顗到襄陽後就與將領劉胡修繕城牆,招集士兵,為作戰做準備。後前廢帝以何邁事遣使到尋陽賜死子勛,在鄧琬主持下抗命,以子勛為主起兵反抗前廢帝[3]。
泰始元年(465年),前廢帝被湘東王劉彧親信阮佃夫等人所派的主衣壽寂之刺殺,眾人於建康奉劉彧為主,不久更稱帝,是為宋明帝。明帝進袁顗為右將軍。當時袁顗根本無意奉戴明帝,然而礙於糧食和武器都未足夠,故打算先奉表歸順,但在兒子袁戩建議下,決定假稱得太皇太后命令起兵,建牙奉江州刺史、晉安王劉子勛為帝,並寫信給鄧琬,要他不要解甲。而鄧琬接到明帝詔命後亦決意不從,並向四方徵兵。泰始二年(466年)二月,子勛於尋陽稱帝,進袁顗為安北將軍,加尚書左僕射。其年六月,劉胡所率領的大軍於鵲尾與明帝軍隊相持不下,鄧琬以子勛名義下詔徵袁顗到尋陽增援,袁顗就率領二萬雍州軍共千船樓船下江州,並加入鵲尾大軍,更獲加都亮征討諸軍事。可是,袁顗並無將帥才略,性格又怯橈,在軍中未穿過戎裝,談話也無關戰陣,只是在賦詩談義,更沒有撫慰將士,於是令眾人相當失望,劉胡亦很恨他。時尋陽運來的物資未到,劉胡見軍需不足就向袁顗求取雍州軍物資,不過袁顗就以都下兩間宅第未建成,需要資源而拒絕;而袁顗又相信當時說建康城內米價飛漲,認為只需等待對方自潰就可以。不過,明帝軍的張興世以奇計繞過鵲尾大軍到上游的錢谿立寨,劉胡試圖進攻不果,回來後對袁顗表示張興世暫時無法攻滅,但不足為患,但袁顗認為糧道已被阻塞,形勢嚴峻,不久讓劉胡再攻立寨未穩興世。明帝前鋒都督沈攸之等人為支援興世,派軍直攻鵲尾濃湖,袁顗統軍與其苦戰,仍見不利,於是急急召還劉胡[4]。
張興世的營寨成攻斷絕鵲尾大軍的糧道,軍中缺糧之下,劉胡迎糧不果,終在八月二十四日向袁顗謊稱要再攻興世並取糧,實質上就是率眾逃走。袁顗發現劉胡出走後,大怒而命人取坐騎「飛鷰」,對部眾說要追劉胡,實質上是棄軍逃走。袁顗到鵲頭,與戍主薛伯珍及數千人同行至青林,打算走回尋陽,並在夜間露宿時殺馬勞軍,對薛伯珍說:「我舉八州以謀王室,未一戰而散,豈非天邪。非不能死,豈欲草間求活,望一至尋陽,謝罪主上,然後自刎耳。」並大聲向身邊人索取符節,但再無人理他。翌日早上,薛伯珍以有事相問為由請見,將袁顗斬首,送給錢谿馬軍主俞湛之,俞湛之殺伯珍而獻首,以求獨佔功勞。袁顗死時四十七歲,明帝痛恨袁顗,將他的屍首丟到長江中,更將他的首級漆上袁顗二字,收藏於武庫[5]。袁顗侄兒袁彖在江中找了四十一日才找回其屍身,與一舊奴僕將之秘密葬在石頭城後岡,直到宋明帝去世後才得改葬。袁顗著有文集八卷,收錄於《隋書經籍志注》。
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Dharmasiri Senanayake – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Hon.Dharmasiri SenanayakePersonal detailsBorn(1933-03-30)30 March 1933British CeylonDied24 July 2000(2000-07-24) (aged 67)Sri …
French philosopher and Marxist theorist Debord redirects here. For the town in Kentucky, see Debord, Kentucky. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translat…
Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (December 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Kalla, Kállá or Källa is a given name and surname. It is a Danish, Finnish, Icelandic and Swedish feminine given name that is a feminine form of Kalle, short form of Karolina and an alternate form of Karla.[1] Kalla is also an English femi…
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