约翰·伦奇

约翰·伦奇
(John Wrench)
出生(1911-10-13)1911年10月13日
纽约韦斯特菲尔德镇
逝世2009年2月27日(2009歲—02—27)(97歲)
马里兰州弗雷德里克
母校纽约州立大学布法罗分校
耶鲁大学
知名于计算圆周率
科学生涯
研究领域数学
机构美国海军泰勒船模试验槽英语David Taylor Model Basin应用数学实验室

约翰·威廉·伦奇 (John William Wrench, Jr.,1911年10月13日-2009年2月27日),美国数学家,学术专长为数值分析,为用计算机进行数学计算的先驱者,最有名的工作是与丹尼尔·尚克斯英语Daniel Shanks合作计算圆周率,精确到小数点后10万位。

生平和教育

伦奇于1911年10月13日生于纽约韦斯特菲尔德镇,在纽约汉堡镇(Hamburg)长大。1933年,他获得纽约州立大学布法罗分校数学最优等文学士,两年后,他在同一所学校获得数学硕士学位。1938年,伦奇在耶鲁大学获得数学博士学位[1]。他的博士论文题目是《反正切关系的导出》(The derivation of arctangent relations[2]

2009年2月27日,伦奇在马里兰州弗雷德里克肺炎去世[3]

学术生涯

伦奇的职业生涯起自乔治华盛顿大学的教师职位,在第二次世界大战期间,转而为美国海军做科学研究工作,研究方向是开发高速计算方法,他成为用计算机进行数学计算的先驱者之一。他的研究项目涉及水声学英语Underwater acoustics水下爆炸结构设计流体力学空气动力学数据分析。1953年,伦奇成海军泰勒船模试验槽英语David Taylor Model Basin应用数学实验室副主任,1974年在实验室主任的职位上退休。他同时还在耶鲁大学卫斯理大学马里兰大学学院市分校美利坚大学等大学有学术兼职。[3]

伦奇一个特别的研究兴趣是计算圆周率小数位数,甚至在没有计算机的时候就做了非常冗长的计算[3]。在1945-1956年期间,伦奇与人合作,利用台式计算器,将圆周率算到小数点后1160位[4]。1961年,伦奇和丹尼尔·尚克斯英语Daniel Shanks利用一台IBM 7090计算机将圆周率计算到小数点后10,000位[5]。 这一精确到小数点后10,000位的圆周率被别人用烫金数字印刷出来,捐赠给了史密森尼学会[6]

伦奇还计算了其他一些数学常数,比如将欧拉-马歇罗尼常数 γ计算到小数点后328位[7],将辛钦常数计算到小数点后65位[8]

伦奇曾担任《计算数学学报》(Journal of Mathematics of Computation)编辑。伦奇是美国国家科学院院士和美国国家科学研究委员会委员。伦奇共发表约150余篇学术论文。

参考文献

  1. ^ Obituary: Dr. John Wrench Jr.. Frederick News-Post (Frederick, Virginia). March 20, 2009 [21 April 2009]. (原始内容存档于2009-03-24). 
  2. ^ Notes (PDF). Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society (Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society). May 1939, 45 (5): 349–354 [2009-04-19]. ISSN 0273-0979. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1939-06990-5. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Schudel, Matt. Mathematician Had a Taste for Pi. Washington Post. March 25, 2009: B05 [31 March 2009]. (原始内容存档于2009年3月31日). 
  4. ^ Wrench, Jr., John W. The evolution of extended decimal approximations to π. The Mathematics Teacher. December 1960, 53: 644–650. 
  5. ^ Shanks, Daniel; John W. Wrench, Jr. Calculation of π to 100,000 Decimals. Mathematics of Computation (American Mathematical Society). 1962, 16 (77): 76–99. ISSN 0025-5718. JSTOR 2003813. doi:10.2307/2003813. 
  6. ^ Polachek, Harry; James Tomayko (ed.). Anecdotes: Computers vs. the Human Race. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers). 1996, 18 (4): 60 [2009-04-22]. ISSN 1058-6180. doi:10.1109/mahc.1996.539917. (原始内容存档于2010-02-17). In order to assure the preservation of this document, I arranged for two clear copies of the output to be printed and specially bound (inscribed in gold letters)—one of which I donated to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.; the other I kept. The transfer to the Smithsonian took place at a small ceremony, attended by about 25 invited guests. 
  7. ^ Wrench, Jr., J. W. A new calculation of Euler's constant. Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation. 1952, 6: 255. 
  8. ^ Shanks, Daniel; J. W. Wrench, Jr. Khintchine's Constant. American Mathematical Monthly (Mathematical Association of America). April 1959, 66 (5): 276–279. JSTOR 2309633. doi:10.2307/2309633. 

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