秦滅齊之戰

秦滅齐之戰
秦灭六国之战的一部分
日期前221年
地点
结果 秦国滅齊
参战方
秦国 齊国
指挥官与领导者
王賁
李信
蒙恬
齊王建(被俘)
兵力
600,000 300,000
伤亡与损失
齊國沒有抵抗 齊國沒有抵抗

秦滅齊之戰,是發生於公元前221年(秦王政二十六年、齊王建四十四年)的一場戰爭。此戰由秦將王賁率領,大軍直入齊都臨淄齊王建不戰而降。此後秦國一統天下。

背景

公元前264年,齐王田建即位,由母亲君王后辅佐。前249年,君王后死後后勝相齊,秦國重金收買后勝及使秦的賓客,使齊國既不合縱抗秦,也不加強戰備,結果在秦國持續的攻勢之下五國相繼破滅。[1][2]在秦國擊敗魏國東郡前242年)後,齊王建仍在前237年(齊王建二十八年)入朝秦國。秦國在前225年(齊王建四十年)滅魏後開始在歷下之地(今山東省濟南市歷下區)陳兵威脅齊國;至前222年(齊王建四十三年),秦先後消滅了,至此六國僅餘齊國尚存。[3]

經過

秦滅五國後,齊王及后勝才頓感到秦國的威脅,慌忙將軍隊集結到西部邊境。公元前221年(秦王政二十六年、齊王建四十四年),秦王嬴政以齊拒絕與秦通使為由,命王賁李信蒙恬攻齊。王賁在燕地率军南下,大軍直抵齐都临淄(今山東淄博北),齊國西部的軍隊未能回援,以致臨淄民眾措手不及,不敢抵抗。[2][4][5][6]秦使陳馳以五百里封地誘騙齊王建投降,齊王建聽信后勝建議,不聽即墨大夫之言,不戰而降前往秦國,結果被俘後遷往共地(於今河南省輝縣)松柏樹林之中,最終餓死。齊國百姓怨恨齊王建不及早與諸侯合縱攻秦,聽信姦臣賓客之言,致使國家滅亡,因而編出歌謠說:“是松樹嗎?還是柏樹嗎?讓齊王建住到共地的的難道不是賓客嗎?”[7][8]

影響

秦滅齊後,在齐地设置齐郡琅邪郡。此戰後秦正式統一六國,结束中国自春秋時代以来长达500多年的诸侯割据纷争的局面。

參考

  1. ^ 劉向,《戰國策·卷十三·齊策六》:君王后死,後后勝相齊,多受秦間金玉,使賓客入秦,皆為變辭,勸王朝秦,不脩攻戰之備。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 史記·卷四十六·田敬仲完世家第十六》:君王后死,后勝相齊,多受秦閒金,多使賓客入秦,秦又多予金,客皆爲反閒,勸王去從朝秦,不修攻戰之備,不助五國攻秦,秦以故得滅五國。五國已亡,秦兵卒入臨淄,民莫敢格者。
  3. ^ 史記·卷四十六·田敬仲完世家》:十六年,秦滅周。君王后卒。二十三年,秦置東郡。二十八年,王入朝秦,秦王政置酒咸陽。三十五年,秦滅韓。三十七年,秦滅趙。三十八年,燕使荊軻刺秦王,秦王覺,殺軻。明年,秦破燕,燕王亡走遼東。明年,秦滅魏,秦兵次於歴下。四十二年,秦滅楚。明年,虜代王嘉,滅燕王喜。
  4. ^ 史記·卷六·秦始皇本紀》:二十六年,齊王建與其相后勝發兵守其西界,不通秦。秦使將軍王賁從燕南攻齊,得齊王建。
  5. ^ 史記·卷七十三·白起王翦列傳》:而王翦子王賁,與李信破定燕、齊地。
  6. ^ 史記·卷八十八·蒙恬列傳》:始皇二十六年,蒙恬因家世得為秦將,攻齊,大破之,拜為內史。
  7. ^ 史記·卷四十六·田敬仲完世家第十六》:四十四年,秦兵撃齊。齊王聽相后勝計,不戰,以兵降秦。秦虜王建,遷之共。……王建遂降,遷於共。故齊人怨王建不蚤與諸侯合從攻秦,聽姦臣賓客以亡其國,歌之曰:「松耶柏耶?住建共者客耶?」疾建用客之不詳也。
  8. ^ 戰國策·卷十三·齊策六》:秦使陳馳誘齊王內之,約與五百里之地。齊王不聽即墨大夫而聽陳馳,遂入秦。處之共松柏之間,餓而死。先是齊為之歌曰:「松邪!柏邪!住建共者客耶!」。

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