磷钼酸铵

磷钼酸铵

英文名	Ammonium phosphomolybdate
识别
CAS号	12026-66-3（无水） ^Y 54723-94-3（水合） ^Y
PubChem	24861035
ChemSpider	21170136
InChI	1/12Mo.3H3N.H3O4P.H2O.36O/c;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;1-5(2,3)4;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;;;;;;;;;;;31H3;(H3,1,2,3,4);1H2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/q;;;;;;;;;3+1;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;3-1/rMo12O40P.3H3N.H2O/c13-1(14,15)41-4(22,23)44-7(28,29)47-10(34,35)50-53(40,51-11(36,37)48-8(30,31)45-5(24,25)42-2(16,17)18)52-12(38,39)49-9(32,33)46-6(26,27)43-3(19,20)21;;;;/h;31H3;1H2/q-3;;;;/p+3
InChIKey	FPMGDWVRFQSMKO-AHLDUZLPAZ
性质
化学式	(NH₄)₃PMo₁₂O₄₀·xH₂O
摩尔质量	(无水) 1876.35 g·mol⁻¹
外观	水合物为黄色结晶
危险性
欧盟危险性符号氧化性 O 腐蚀性 C
警示术语	R：R8, R34^[1]
安全术语	S：S17, S26, S27, S36/37/39^[1]
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

磷钼酸铵（化学式：(NH₄)₃PMo₁₂O₄₀·xH₂O）是杂多酸磷钼酸的铵盐。

结构

十二钼磷杂多酸的阴离子（[PMo₁₂O₄₀]³⁻）是一种 1:12A 型杂多酸阴离子，1826年首先由贝采利乌斯发现。这类 1:12A 型的结构首先由 Keggin 测得，因此常称为 Keggin结构。其基本结构单元是四组三个钼氧八面体，每一组中三个钼氧八面体共用顶角上的氧原子，结合成 ${\rm {\ Mo_{3}O_{10}}}$ 单元。四个 ${\rm {\ Mo_{3}O_{10}}}$ 单元的四个三方共用的氧原子位于中心四面体的棱角上，构成四面体穴，而磷原子位于四面体穴的中心。

性质

有光泽黄色单斜晶系柱状结晶。从不同方法制得的磷钼酸铵所含结晶水的数目和组成不同，颜色也有所不同。在水中的溶解度较小，并易被还原为蓝色的磷钼蓝。能溶于碱、氨、磷酸。溶于乙酸、过氧化氢、联苯胺，变为蓝色。在硫酸真空保干器中失去结晶水，得到无色的无水磷钼酸铵晶体。^[2]

磷钼酸铵和硝酸钾反应，钾离子可以取代一分子或两分子的铵根。^[3]

制取

可由正钼酸铵（英语：Ammonium orthomolybdate）与含硝酸的磷酸溶液加热反应而得。

{\rm {\ H_{3}PO_{4}+12(NH_{4})_{2}MoO_{4}+21HNO_{3}\rightarrow (NH_{4})_{3}PO_{4}\cdot 12MoO_{3}\downarrow +21NH_{4}NO_{3}+12H_{2}O}}

用途

用于在分析化学中检测磷酸盐。

步骤：^[4] 取试液（＞0.05mg 磷），加硝酸铵（5％～10％），硝酸（5％～10％），40～45℃加热，加沉淀剂正钼酸铵（20倍过量），放置30分钟，玻璃滤器过滤，5％硝酸铵洗涤，

500～550℃灼烧，称量形式： ${\rm {\ HPO_{3}\cdot 12MoO_{3}}}$

105℃干燥，称量形式： ${\rm {\ (NH_{4})_{3}PO_{4}\cdot 12MoO_{3}}}$ （0.01637），括号内为经验换算因数

180℃干燥，称量形式： ${\rm {\ (NH_{4})_{3}PO_{4}\cdot 12MoO_{3}}}$ （0.01654）

同上操作，取得沉淀，溶解于氨水（10％氨），用盐酸酸化，再按镁氧剂方法测定。称量形式： ${\rm {\ Mg_{2}P_{2}O_{7}}}$

干扰离子：As，F，Se，Si，Te，Ti，V，W，Zr，H₂SO₄，HCl，OAc

参见

杂多酸
正钼酸铵（英语：Ammonium orthomolybdate）

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 342165 Ammonium phosphomolybdate hydrate. Sigma-Aldrich. [2009-08-24].
^ 磷钼酸铵. 化工引擎. [2009-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-06）.
^ 周漱尘. 硝酸洗涤剂对磷钼酸铵沉淀组成的影响[J]. 湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 1987(4):59-61.
^ 杭州大学化学系分析化学教研室编. 分析化学手册第二分册：化学分析第2版. 北京: 化学工业出版社. 1997: 367. ISBN 7-5025-1971-8.

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