瑜伽經

瑜伽經（Yoga sutra），約在公元前2-4世紀由印度哲人波顛闍利編纂，將古老的印度瑜伽傳統加以整理，形成四品195頌的著作。其思想涉及了佛教、耆那教、數論派和《奧義書》，並批判佛教唯識思想中的自證分[1]。

《瑜伽經》是中世紀時期，翻譯語言最多的古印度文本，囊括了40種印度語言和兩種非印度語：古爪哇語和阿拉伯語。本書從12世紀起，隱沒了將近700年的時光，直到19世紀晚期，才由英國的東方學學者重新發現，並在斯瓦米·維韋卡南達等人的努力下重新傳承。本書受到了許多練習瑜伽者的重視，為古印度六派哲學瑜伽派的重要經典[2][1]。

內容

全書共四品，記載了印度教瑜伽派的修持方法，即八支行法：夜摩（英语：Yamas）（Yama）、尼夜摩（英语：Niyamas）（Niyama）、體位（Āsana）、調息（Prāṇāyāma）、攝心（英语：Pratyahara）（Pratyahara）、凝念（英语：Dhāraṇā）（Dhāraṇā ）、禪那（Dhyāna）、三摩地（Samādhi）。本書在數論二十五諦的基礎上，外加大自在天形成二十六諦的學說[3]。

  • 第一三摩地（Samādhi）品，論述三摩地的性質、類別和目的；
  • 第二修行（Sadhana）品，論述入定的方法；
  • 第三神通（Vibhuti）品，闡述修持所獲得的神通力及其種類；
  • 第四解脫（Kaivalya）品，闡述修持的最終目的：獲得沒有繫縛的神我。

注解

雖然現存有不少《瑜伽經》的注釋，最權威的注解一般公認是廣博仙人（Vyasa）的《瑜伽經注》（Yogasūtra-Bhāṣya）。此外還有四個重要的古代註釋本再注解《瑜伽經注》，分別是[1]：

現代注解和翻譯

現存有多種《瑜伽經》的翻譯本，這些版本異文甚多，未經過嚴格的文本校勘，很多梵文詞彙的確切含義也未有定論。一些現代注解本，分別有：

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 莊國彬. 《瑜伽經》與佛教思想的比較 (PDF). 圓光佛學學報. 2015 [2016-07-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-17）. 
  2. ^ White, David Gordon. The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography. Princeton University Press. 2014. 
  3. ^ 于凌波. 印度宗教哲學史的研究. 妙林. 2000, 12 (4): 23–29. 

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