王度昭

王度昭(1651年—1724年),字玉其,號带河山东诸城水西社(今高密市前水西村)人,清朝政治人物。

生平

度昭康熙二十年山东乡试第五名,二十一年壬戌会试第六十三名,未殿试,二十四年己丑科殿试三甲五十八名。授浪穹县知县。时吴逆初定,丁少役繁,死亡者尚多著籍,度昭尽除之,民大悦服。行取去官,民为建生祠,先行一日,肖像泥未干,不可施采色,或欲以火烘之,众不可,数百人各解衣以身偎之,一夕而乾。三十六年授河南道监察御史,父忧服除,补浙江道,巡视南城,风裁峻著。出为郧襄道副使,荆门水涨没田禾,即以灾闻,蒙允蠲赈。王守仁祠祭田数百亩为猾民冒占,度昭廉得其实,置之法,以田还其后裔。擢光禄寺少卿,寻迁顺天府丞,又迁大理寺少卿。四十七年典河南乡试,称得人。累进佥都御史、太常寺卿、通政使、左副都御史。其时米价腾贵,请出太仓米平糴,称旨,四十九年(1710年)进户部右侍郎。湖南巡抚赵申乔与总兵互相弹劾,度昭奉使往鞫,即署巡抚事,滞狱纍纍,度昭烛照刃剸,立结四百馀案。康熙五十二年任巡抚浙江等处地方、提督军务兵部右侍郎、兼都察院右副都御史,授资政大夫,妻王氏封夫人。屏馈遗,力禁滥差株连之弊,暇则取书院诸生文为定甲乙。西子湖号天下名胜,三四年未一游讌。五十四年升工部右侍郎,疏论西域屯田,其畧曰:近者泽旺阿喇蒲坦无故侵犯哈密,皇上赫然震怒,调兵遣将,分据要害,以张天讨。又念兵行粮从,先计积谷,以资腾饱,屡发帑金,构买骆驼,捐备马骡,以运送米石,其鞍筐绳席等项,所费已不下数十百万,究之运到之米不敷支给,巴儿、苦儿、阿尔太之地车辙不通,水草不时,即便驼马足以领运,而人夫数千,越山度岭,沙壅石阻,所运之米恐亦未能旦夕到也。因此而议屯田,屯田诚是矣。但毡裘之众习农者少,而苦寒之地霜雪无常,恐收获未必如愿,似不及。绿旗多游闲之辈,亦有田家之子特迫于无地可耕,遂入籍行伍,以资活计者犹可鼓舞而驱率之耳。臣以为欲灭此小丑,急以取之,不如缓以图之,之为愈也。轻言进兵,糜费金钱于无用之地,不如重于用谋,整顿戎纪,不战而屈其兵,之优也。今诚严饬邻近诸国,不许交通茶布及一切货卖之物,使彼独坐穷山,不获市易之利,则人心必离。即或肆其故智,侵扰属国,以尝我军,亦令诸国互相应援,坚壁清野,勿与轻校。而于阳关、哈密、嘉峪、推河等处择其水草足以畜牧,田地可以开垦者,改移三镇,每镇精兵三千人,其食粮之亲丁与匠役另籍一册,以一半屯田给之牛力籽种,春夏耕耘,秋冬射猎;以一半游巡稽察非常,较试技艺,复倍其粮饷,使多备战马,修整甲械,不过五年,谷之积者必多,兵之习者必精矣。其西安归化满营亦令各选精兵三千,倍其粮饷,时其训练,与绿旗之兵同候调遣,皇上于亲信大臣中择一老成知兵者总统之,提镇以下咸受节制,而后事权归一,号令可明,陈兵载饷,压境以临之,彼泽旺阿喇蒲坦惧覆亡之无日,悔从前之不道,卑词乞降,亦未可定。倘仍怙恶不悛,则轻兵卷袭,彼迫于天诛,人无固志,虽有善匿之术,亦无容足之地矣。前后疏数上,其有关国计皆类是。明年丁内忧,服除,即家拜兵部右侍郎,首上疏陈马政,陕西等五省便之。六十一年春,赐诸叟宴,谆谆以老年君臣相须,勿遽求去为言。是冬监督奉天粮税,除累年积逋,人甚感颂。以衰癯积劳,奄逢圣祖升遐,哀痛成疾,逾年告归。度昭性纯笃,遇物浑然若无町畦,而意所不可,强有力者不能夺。归数月卒,年七十有四。

家族

曾祖王思孟,字养吾,邑庠生。祖王廷元,字献墀,號对之,府庠生。父王勤,字懋哉,诸生,年十二罹兵难,流离费县,朝夕泣思父母,有孙翁者怜而归之。兄早卒无子,遗女适乔姓,贫甚,勤割田宅给之。堂伯王劝,顺治四年进士。

子三人:奇猷、弘猷、建猷。奇猷,字天授,号沧溟,康熙五十六年举于乡,建猷早卒。弘猷字图南,康熙末举于乡,授孟津知县,莅任七年,以办军需迟缓罢归。奇猷之王辂,字孟载,号车同,与父同榜举人,雍正元年成进士,历任延平、池州知府[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 《诸城县志》卷三十二·列传四


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