王义方

王义方(615年—669年),唐朝官员

生平

泗州涟水人。客居魏州。年轻时丧父且贫穷,事母甚谨,博通《五经》,骄傲独行,自视很高。初举明经,因而去京师,中途遇到徒步者,自称父亲是颍上令,闻知父亲病笃,想倍道而往,徒步不前,无计可施。王义方感到哀伤,解下所乘马给他,不告姓名而去,于是名震一时。他不肯拜访权贵,唐太宗宰相听其言论。尚书外郎独孤悊以儒学显名,给事中许敬宗推崇独孤悊确论,王义方引用百家理论,接连驳倒独孤悊,直出其上。左右为独孤悊不平,于是罢会。不久补授晋王李治府参军,直弘文馆特进魏征很礼待他,只嫌他为人太直。魏征将要把侄女嫁给他。王义方谢绝,但在魏征死后还是娶了他的侄女。人们问他为什么如此,他说:“昔日不附宰相之势,现在是感知己之言的缘故。”转太子校书。[1][2]

不久,因与刑部尚书张亮交通而获罪,贬为儋州吉安丞。行至海南,船上的人将用酒脯致祭。王义方说:“黍稷非馨,义在明德。”于是酌水而祭,作文曰:“思帝乡而北顾,望海浦而南浮。必也行愆诸己,义负前修。长鲸击水,天吴覆舟。因忠获戾,以孝见尤。四维雾廓,千里安流。灵应如响,无作神羞。”[3]当时正值盛夏,风涛炎热,王义方读祭文后就放晴,于是南渡吉安。蛮族地区的习俗荒凉闭塞,王义方召集诸首领、学生门徒,亲自讲经,行释奠(古代在学校设置酒食以奠祭先圣先师的一种典礼)之礼;清歌吹籥,登降有序,蛮族酋长大喜。[1][2]

卢照邻十余岁时曾由王义方教授《三苍》《尔雅》及经史。[4][5]

貞觀二十三年(649年),改授洹水丞。时张亮兄子张皎被配流在崖州,来依靠王义方,去世,临终托妻子携尸还乡。因张皎妻还年轻,王义方与张皎妻对海神发誓,让奴仆负其柩,令张皎妻抱其子,乘王义方的马,王义方自己步行而还,先去原武葬张皎,告祭张亮,送张皎妻儿归家,再去洹水赴任。转云阳丞。曾被黄门侍郎薛元超表荐。[6][7][8]显庆元年(656年)春夏,擢为著作佐郎。[1][2]

同年不久,迁侍御史。买了房子,数日后,爱庭中树,又召来原房主:“这是佳树,能没有欠偿吗?”又给他钱。其廉不贪如此。时中书侍郎李义府执权用事,妇人淳于氏有美色,因事被囚禁于大理寺,李义府悦其美色,托大理丞毕正义枉法释放她。唐高宗(即李治)又敕给事中刘仁轨、侍御史张伦重审其事。李义府迫使毕正义自缢。高宗特赦李义府之罪。无人敢明言李义府的奸行。王义方当时上任不到二十天,认为李义府奸蠹害政,将要弹劾,问母亲:“看到奸臣不弹劾是不忠,弹劾了就危及自身和家长是不孝,二者不能自决,怎么办?”母亲说:“昔王陵母伏剑成就儿子之义,汝能尽忠立名,吾之愿也,虽死不恨!”于是王义方上奏弹劾李义府杀人灭口逼死毕正义,[9]又当廷弹劾,[10]穿着法官的衣帽,叱李义府下来,李义府顾望不退。王义方三次叱责,高宗没说话,李义府才小跑而出,王义方才跪着读完奏章,其中提到李义府最初因容貌为刘洎马周所幸,奏章的言辞也不敬。高宗正安于李义府的狡佞并私下对李义府心存感激,认为王义方毁辱宰相,言词不逊,贬莱州司户参军。[11][12]李义府说:“王御史妄相弹奏,无愧吗?”王义方对答:“仲尼鲁国司寇才七日,就在两观之下诛杀少正卯;义方任御史十六日,却不能去奸邪于双阙之前,实以为愧。”[13]年末没有调任,任满,安家于昌乐,聚徒教授。母亲去世后,隐居不出,不复仕官。总章二年(669年)卒。[2]撰《笔海》十卷、[14]文集十卷。[1]

何彦先员余庆都拜王义方为师,员余庆因超逸秀拔被王义方欣赏,王义方说:“五百岁一贤者生,子宜当之。”于是为他改名员半千。王义方去世后,二人为他服丧师之丧,在他墓侧种了松柏,三年丧期满了才离开。[1][2][15]

影响

后来高宗问监察御史魏真宰:“朕有遗恨吗?”魏真宰说:“有的。王义方一世豪英,而死草莱。议者谓陛下不能用贤。”高宗说:“我正要用他,得知他死了,来不及了。”[16]

南唐先主时,有侍御史张元达。先主倚仗他肃正邪慝,取王义方之名,给他改名张义方

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