牛頓 (單位)

牛頓（符號為N，英語：newton）是一種物理中力的單位，是力的公制單位。它是以建立經典力學的艾薩克·牛頓命名。

定義

牛頓是一個國際單位制導出單位，它是由kg·m·s-2的國際單位制基本單位導出。1牛頓等於要使質量1千克物體的加速度為1 m/s2時，所需要的力。利用因次分析，因為 F=ma（force（力）= mass（質量）× acceleration（加速度）），將質量及加速度的單位相乘，即可得到牛頓和基本單位之間的關係。

舉例

  • 一牛頓是一個大約102克（1⁄9.81kg，約為一個小蘋果的質量，或两个鸡蛋的质量）的物體在地表所受到的地球引力。
  • 一千克的物體在地表受到的重力約為9.8 Ν（或是1.0 kgf，依定義 1 kgf = 9.80665 N）在日常生活及工程應用中，1 kgf常近似成10牛頓。
  • 力及位移的內積就是功。故1牛頓的力作用在物體，產生1公尺的位移，所作的功就是 1 Ν·m。依照功能定理，對一物體的作功等於其能量的變化，因此Ν·m 也是能量的單位，其大小和常用的能量單位焦耳相同，1Ν·m = 1 J。
  • 力常常會用千牛頓或kΝ的單位表示，1 kΝ = 1,000Ν。

千牛頓（kN）及其適用的場合

用于攀岩的登山扣（英语：Carabiner），当卡扣关闭时沿登山扣受力时的安全额定值为26kN，当垂直于登山扣受力时为8kN，当卡扣打开时沿登山扣受力时安全等级为10kN。

牛顿是一个数值较小的单位，实际应用中通常使用千牛顿，1千牛顿=1000牛顿，缩写为千牛（kN）。地球上的重力加速度为9.81 m/s2，因此：

1 kN = 102 kg × 9.81 m/s2

即1千牛頓约等於102千克力，在无需精确计算的场合可以将千牛頓的數值直接乘以100，視為其對應的重力[1]。例如，一个平台的负载为1千牛（102千克力），那么它可以负载100千克的重物。

以千牛顿为单位的规格在以下安全规格中很常见：

轉換係數(與其他單位之轉換)

力的單位
牛頓
N (国际单位制导出单位)		 达因
dyne		 千克力
kgf		 磅力
lbf		 磅達（英语：Poundal）
pdl
1 N ≡ 1 kg·m/s² = 105 dyn ≈ 0.10197 kp ≈ 0.22481 lbfF ≈ 7.2330 pdl
1 dyn = 10−5 N ≡ 1 g·cm/s² ≈ 1.0197×10−6 kp ≈ 2.2481×10−6 lbfF ≈ 7.2330×10−5 pdl
1 kp = 9.80665 N = 980665 dyn ≡ gn·(1 kg) ≈ 2.2046 lbfF ≈ 70.932 pdl
1 lbfF ≈ 4.448222 N ≈ 444822 dyn ≈ 0.45359 kp ≡ gn·(1 lb) ≈ 32.174 pdl
1 pdl ≈ 0.138255 N ≈ 13825 dyn ≈ 0.014098 kp ≈ 0.031081 lbfF ≡ 1 lb·ft/s²
定義千克力時所用的gn數值，在此表中也用來定義所有的重力單位

另見

參考

  1. ^ Convert kilonewtons to kilograms-force - Conversion of Measurement Units. Convertunits.com. [2014-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-04）. 
  2. ^ [1] 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-07-16.

Read other articles:

Аэрогель

Блок аэрогеля в руке Кирпич массой 2,5 кг стоит на куске аэрогеля массой 2,38 г Аэроге́ли (от лат. aer — воздух и gelatus — замороженный) — класс материалов, представляющих собой гель, в котором жидкая фаза полностью замещена газообразной. Такие материалы обладают р�...

 

John Russell (prohibitionist)

American preacher and prohibition advocate (1822–1912) John Russell1st Chairman of the Prohibition PartyIn office1867–1872Preceded byposition establishedSucceeded bySimeon B. Chase Personal detailsBorn(1822-09-20)September 20, 1822Livingston County, New York, U.S.DiedNovember 3, 1912(1912-11-03) (aged 90)Detroit, Michigan, U.S.Political partyProhibitionSpouseMary Jane HerrimanSignature John Russell (September 20, 1822 – November 3, 1912) was a Methodist preacher who became a leadin...

 

LGBT rights in Idaho

LGBT rights in IdahoIdaho (US)StatusLegal since 2003; codified 2022(Lawrence v. Texas)Gender identityCase law in the state requires the state to change birth certificates for transgender peopleDiscrimination protectionsProtections in employment; some municipalities have passed further protectionsFamily rightsRecognition of relationshipsSame-sex marriage since 2014AdoptionSame-sex couples may adopt jointly Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in the U.S. state of Idaho face so...

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

Chisos Mountains

Mountain range in Texas, United States Chisos MountainsThe Chisos Mountains as photographed facing southeastHighest pointPeakEmory PeakElevation7,825 ft (2,385 m)Coordinates29°14′45″N 103°18′14″W / 29.24583°N 103.30389°W / 29.24583; -103.30389GeographyChisos Mountains Country United StatesState TexasRange coordinates29°16′N 103°18′W / 29.267°N 103.300°W / 29.267; -103.300 South rim sunset (left) and a...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Філософія

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

 

List of first generation Finnish Tatar names

This is a list of first generation Finnish Tatar names. Tatars in Helsinki. (1920). The list contains Mishar Tatar males, who were born in the villages of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (then Governorate), Sergachsky District, and settled in Finland as merchants in late 1800s and early 1900s. Most of them were from Aktuk. Current Finnish Tatars are their descendants and to this day majority of them live in Helsinki and after that in Tampere, Järvenpää and Turku.[1] The spelling of the nam...

 

Blue Mountains (New South Wales)

Mountain range in Australia Not to be confused with Greater Blue Mountains Area, Blue Mountains National Park, or City of Blue Mountains. Blue MountainsNew South WalesThe Three Sisters sandstone rock formation, one of the region's best-known attractionsCoordinates33°43′05″S 150°18′38″E / 33.71806°S 150.31056°E / -33.71806; 150.31056[1]Population30,049 (UCL 2021)[2]Area11,400 km2 (4,401.6 sq mi)Location50 km (31 mi) N...

Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur

Compilation album by various artists Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save DarfurCompilation album by Various artistsReleasedJune 12, 2007GenrePoprockLabelWarner Bros./Amnesty International/Art for AmnestyProducerJeff Ayeroff, Larry Cox & Bill Shipsey (Executive Producers)Helen Garrett, Vanessa Moss, Robin Raj, Karen Schneider & Julie Yannatta (Co-Executive Producers)Individual Song Production Credits Listed BelowSingles from Instant Karma: The Amnesty Internat...

 

USS Cole bombing

2000 suicide attack by al-Qaeda USS Cole bombingPart of the Al-Qaeda insurgency in YemenThe Military Sealift Command fleet ocean tug USNS Catawba towing USS Cole after the bombing.LocationAden, YemenCoordinates12°48′08″N 45°00′19″E / 12.8022°N 45.0054°E / 12.8022; 45.0054Date12 October 2000; 23 years ago (2000-10-12) 11:18 am (UTC +03:00)TargetUSS ColeAttack typeSuicide attackDeaths17 (plus two attackers)Injured37Perpet...

 

Fortune-telling

Practice of predicting information about a person's life Fortune teller redirects here. For the form of origami, see Paper fortune teller. For other uses, see Fortune teller (disambiguation). Gypsy Fortune-Teller (1841) by Taras Shevchenko Part of a series on theParanormal Main articles Astral projection Astrology Aura Bilocation Breatharianism Clairvoyance Close encounter Cold spot Crystal gazing Conjuration Cryptozoology Demonic possession Demonology Ectoplasm Electronic voice phenomenon Ex...

كربنة (كيمياء)

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2022)   ميّز عن تكربن. فقاعات غاز ثنائي أكسيد الكربون المنطلقة من مشروب غازي. الكربنة في الكيمياء هي عملية ...

 

Дропкин, Кори

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с фамилией Дропкин. Кори Дропкинангл. Korey Dropkin Личная информация Пол мужской Страна  США Специализация кёрлинг Дата рождения 11 июня 1995(1995-06-11) (29 лет) Место рождения Бостон, США Рабочая сторона праворукость[1] Награды и медали �...

 

Siege of Lier (1582)

Siege of Lier (1582)Part of the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)Date1-2 August 1582LocationLier (present-day Belgium)Result Spanish victory[1][2]Belligerents United Provinces England  SpainCommanders and leaders William Semple(Desertion)[3] Alexander Farnese vteEighty Years' War Origins – List of battles 1566–1572 Western Europe Beeldenstorm Valenciennes Wattrelos Lannoy Oosterweel Dahlen Heiligerlee Jemmingen Jodoigne Le Quesnoy ...

Salvatore Russo (calciatore)

Salvatore RussoNazionalità Italia Altezza171 cm Peso67 kg Calcio RuoloAllenatore (ex difensore, centrocampista) Squadra Italia (Coll. tecnico) Termine carriera2012 - giocatore CarrieraGiovanili  Napoli Squadre di club1 1989-1990→  Fidelis Andria1 (0)1990-1991→  Ischia Isolaverde26 (1)1991-1992 Napoli0 (0)1992-1995 Ischia Isolaverde52 (2)1995-1996→  Boys Caivanese18 (3)1996-1997 Ischia Isolaverde1 (0)1997-1998 Battipagliese65 (4)[1]19...

 

Military dictatorship

Dictatorship ruled by the military Part of the Politics seriesBasic forms of government List of forms of government List of countries by system of government Source of power Democracy (rule by many) Demarchy Direct Economic Liberal Representative Social Socialist Others Oligarchy (rule by few) Anocracy Aristocracy Gerontocracy Kleptocracy Kritarchy Meritocracy Noocracy Particracy Plutocracy Stratocracy Technocracy Theocracy Autocracy (rule by one) Despotism Dictatorship Military dictatorship...

 

Club Brugge KV

Association football club in Belgium Football clubClub BruggeFull nameClub Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging (Club Bruges Royal Football association)Nickname(s)Blauw-Zwart (Blue-Black), (the) Club, FCB, FC BrugesFounded13 November 1891; 132 years ago (1891-11-13) (as Brugsche FC)Stamnummer (matricule number) 3GroundJan Breydel StadiumCapacity29,062[1]PresidentBart VerhaegheHead coachNicky HayenLeagueBelgian Pro League2023–24Belgian Pro League, 1st of 16 (champio...

David Stockman

American politician and businessman (born 1946) David StockmanStockman in 201725th Director of the Office of Management and BudgetIn officeJanuary 21, 1981 – August 1, 1985PresidentRonald ReaganPreceded byJim McIntyreSucceeded byJim MillerMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Michigan's 4th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 1977 – January 21, 1981Preceded byEdward HutchinsonSucceeded byMark Siljander Personal detailsBornDavid Alan Stockman (1946-11-10) No...

 

Jimmy Jacobs

Chris ScobilleJimmy Jacobs en 2012.Données généralesNom de naissance Chris ScobilleNom de ring Jimmy JacobsThe Emo WarriorThe Barbaric BerzerkerThe Big BullyThe Big UnitThe Bulging BohemothThe Freight TrainThe Jumping Jack Mon Of WarMr. UndercardPogo GoofThe Red Bull KidSuper Amazing Monkey(S.A.M.)Nationalité AméricainNaissance 17 février 1984 (40 ans)Grand RapidsTaille 1,70 m (5′ 7″)Poids 82 kg (180 lb)Catcheur en activitéFédération Ring of HonorEntraîn...