柿 (植物)

柿
保护状况
link= class=skin-invert-image
无危（IUCN 3.1）[1]
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支： 菊类植物 Asterids
目： 杜鹃花目 Ericales
科： 柿樹科 Ebenaceae
属： 柿屬 Diospyros
种：
柿 D. kaki
二名法
Diospyros kaki
Thunb.
異名

Diospyros chinensis Blume (nom. nud.) Diospyros kaki L.f.

柿[2][3][4]（學名：Diospyros kaki），是柿樹屬的一种落叶乔木，是最常见的产柿子的植物[5]，原产于中国长江流域，后来引入日本、美国等世界其他地区[2]。

特征

它是一种落叶乔木，高达10米以上，老树可接近30米，寿命可超300年。叶纸质，椭圆形，开黄白色花，聚伞花序腋生。其花期为5至6月，果期9至10月。[2]

  • 花
    花
  • 叶
    叶
  • 叶子变紅
    叶子变紅
  • 成熟的果実
    成熟的果実
  • 樹皮
    樹皮
  • 柿园
    柿园
  • 结满果实的柿子树
    结满果实的柿子树

栽培种

柿培养出了很多的品种，包括大磨盘柿、火晶柿、鸡心柿、古荡柿、大红柿、恭城水柿、牛心柿等。[2]

用途

除去食用外，柿树的果实也有医用价值，柿饼有润脾补胃、润肺止血的功效。柿霜可以润肺生津、祛痰镇咳、压胃热、解酒以及治疗口疮。柿蒂则有下气止呃的功效，可以用来治呃逆和夜尿症。此外，柿的果实还可提取柿漆（柿澀）。[2]

柿本身可以用作绿化植物。其木头虽然边材较多，易收缩、难干燥、不耐腐，但由于致密而有韧性、光滑耐磨而仍有一定价值，可以用来制作家具、箱盒等。[2]

外部連結

  • 柿 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 藥用植物圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) （中文）（英文）
  • 柿蒂 中藥材圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) （中文）（英文）

参考文献

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group & Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). Diospyros gokugaki. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T173538A197891373 [13 May 2022]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 柿. 中国植物志. 
  3. ^ 柿. 台湾本土植物资料库. [2020-04-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-25）. 
  4. ^ 柿. 香港浸会大学 药用植物图像数据库. [2020-04-30]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）. 
  5. ^ Roger Jones, Elizabeth R Ogden. The Joneses of Nunawading Shire. : 52. 
维基共享资源中相關的多媒體資源：柿（分類）
維基物種上的相關信息：柿 (植物)

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