成人教育

成人教育(英語:adult education),是以成人為對象的教育,通常指在經歷一般正常教育後的再學習,例如在的社區大學進修學校等,所學不一定是一般所認知的科學或人文教育,如語言文化藝術興趣方面的課程,也有些是技能培訓或考取專業資格或受到業界承認的證書等。

概述

1798年,英国设立成人学校于诺丁汉;各西方国家在19世纪中叶后实施成人教育。

聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)於1976年所舉辦的成人教育會議中對成人教育所下定義為:『代表具有全部有組織的教育歷程、而不管其內容、水準及方法如何;是正式或非正式;是學校教育的代替或學校教育的延長;其目的在提供社會中的成人,發展潛能、充實新知、改進技術與提升專業資格,導引其新的發展或使其在態度或行為上產生改變』(楊國賜,1989)。欧洲经济合作开发组织(1977)為成人教育下的定義是:『指已逾規定離校年齡者,提供各種精心設計的活動或方案,以滿足個人生活中的學習興趣或需要,其範圍包括非職業性的、職業性的、一般的、正式的、非正式的學習與教育』(楊文彬,2003)。台灣教育部的『發展與改進成人教育五年計畫綱要』則將成人教育定義為:『指提供不再參與一般學校教育的成人有關基本教育、進修教育、職業進修教育、生活及休閒教育等活動機會,以增長成人生活基本知識;增進工作知能;擴展生活領域,提昇民主素養及充實精神內涵,好充分發揮全民教育,終身教育的功能』(教育部,1991)。

參考資料

  • 詹棟樑(2005)《成人教育學》,台北縣:冠學文化。
  • 楊文彬(2003)《透過「非正式學習」做一個終身學習的現代人》,菁莪,15(4),45-53。
  • 教育部(1991)《發展與改進成人教育五年計畫綱要》,台北市:教育部。
  • 黃富順(2002)《成人學習》,台北市:五南。
  • 楊國賜(1989)《迎接社會轉型的挑戰,邁向成人教育的新境界》,隔空教育論叢,2,1-18。

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