^Chakravarty, Manuel M. T. On the Massively Parallel Execution of Declarative Programs (学位论文). Technische Universität Berlin. 14 February 1997 [26 February 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-23). In this context, the criterion for calling a programming language declarative is the existence of a clear, mathematically established correspondence between the language and mathematical logic such that a declarative semantics for the language can be based on the model or the proof theory (or both) of the logic.
^Marlow, Simon. Parallel and Concurrent Programming in Haskell: Techniques for Multicore and Multithreaded Programming. O'Reilly Media. 18 June 2013. ISBN 978-1449335946.