奚仲四

奚仲四 (天鵝座16)
观测数据
曆元 J2000.0      分點 J2000.0
星座 天鵝座
奚仲四A (天鵝座16A)
赤經 19h 41m 48.95s[1]
赤緯 +50° 31′ 30.2″[1]
視星等 (V) 5.96
奚仲四B (天鵝座16B)
赤經 19h 41m 51.97s[1]
赤緯 +50° 31′ 03.1″[1]
視星等 (V) 6.20
特性
光谱分类G1.5Vb / G2.5Vb / M?V
U−B 色指数0.19 / 0.20
B−V 色指数0.64 / 0.66
变星类型None
天体测定
奚仲四A (天鵝座16A)
自行 (μ) 赤经:-147.82 ± 0.30[1] mas/yr
赤纬:-159.01 ± 0.28[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)47.44 ± 0.27[1] mas
距离68.8 ± 0.4 ly
(21.1 ± 0.1 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)4.29
奚仲四B (天鵝座16B)
自行 (μ) 赤经:135.11 mas/yr
赤纬:-163.78 mas/yr
视差 (π)47.14 ± 0.27[1] mas
距离69.2 ± 0.4 ly
(21.2 ± 0.1 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)4.53
詳細資料
奚仲四A (天鵝座16A)
質量1.02 M
半徑1.7 R
亮度1.6 L
溫度5,803 ± 3.1[2] K
金屬量114%太陽
自轉26.9
年齡10.4 Gyr
奚仲四B (天鵝座16B)
質量0.97 M
半徑1.2 R
亮度1.3 L
溫度5,752 ± 3.5[2] K
金屬量123% 太陽
自轉29.1
年齡9.9 Gyr
其他命名
16 Cygni A
BD+50 2847, GCTP 4634.00, GJ 765.1 A, HD 186408, HIP 96895, HR 7503, LTT 15750, SAO 31898, Struve 4046A
16 Cygni B
BD+50 2848, GJ 765.1 B, HD 186427, HIP 96901, HR 7504, LTT 15751, SAO 31899, Struve 4046B, KIC 12069449
參考資料庫
SIMBAD资料
系外行星百科资料

奚仲四天鵝座16,天鵝座c,16 Cygni)是位於天鵝座的一個三合星系統,距離地球約69光年。這三顆恆星當中有兩顆是與太陽相似的黃矮星:奚仲四A (天鵝座16A)與奚仲四B (天鵝座16B),以及一顆質量較低的紅矮星。1996年,人們發現有一顆太陽系外行星,以橢圓軌道繞著系統中的奚仲四B公轉。

距離

測量最亮的這兩顆星的視差依巴谷衛星天體測量任務的一部分。測得奚仲四A的視差是47.44毫角秒[1],而奚仲四B是47.14毫角秒[1]。由於這兩顆恆星是相關聯的,因此可以假設它們與地球有著相同的距離,所以視差上的差異是測量誤差造成的 (事實上,當相關聯的誤差都考慮在內時,視差的範圍是重疊的)。使用奚仲四A的視差,距離是21.1秒差距;使用奚仲四B的視差,距離是21.2秒差距

恆星的組成

奚仲四是一個階層式的三合星系統。奚仲四A和奚仲四C是一對密接聯星,在投影上的距離只有73天文單位[3]。目前還不知道A-C聯星系統的軌道要素。第三顆成員,名稱為奚仲四B,與奚仲四A相距8,600天文單位。奚仲四B 相對於A-C聯星對的軌道在1999年測量過後,迄今 (2007年6月) 未曾更新過:合理 (表面上說得通) 的軌道是週期範圍在18,200年至130萬年之間,半長軸的範圍從877至15,180天文單位。此外,奚仲四B 的軌道傾角在100和160度之間,這是針對A-C的極,也就是距離A-C黃道90度之處[4]

奚仲四A和奚仲四B都是類似太陽黃矮星,依據日内瓦–哥本哈根巡天調查的資料,這兩顆恆星的質量都與太陽相似[5][6]。估計這兩顆恆星的年齡有些微的差異,奚仲四的年齡可能比太陽系更老,大約已經有100億歲。奚仲四C比這兩顆中的任何一顆都要暗淡許多,可能是一顆紅矮星[3]

行星系

在1996年宣布奚仲四B附近有一顆系外行星離心軌道上[7]。這顆行星完整的軌道週期是798.5天,半長軸為1.68AU [8]

像大多數從地球檢測出的系外行星一樣,奚仲四Bb是從母恆星的徑向速度推斷出來。在當時只能給出行星質量的下限:在這個事件中,大約是木星的1.68倍。在2012年,兩位天文學家, E. Plavalova和N.A. Solovaya,顯示需要2.38木星質量軌道才會穩定,而它的軌道傾角是45度或135度[9]

"奚仲四B的系統,在距離大約0.3AU之內,軌道保持穩定的時間在形成後只有數百萬年,留下短週期的行星是有可能的"。對它們而言,依觀察的標準,行星質量應該會超過海王星的質量[10]

METI已經送了一則訊息到奚仲四的系統。它是從歐亞大陸最大的雷達葉夫帕托里亞70米(230英呎)的行星雷達- 送出的。這個訊息稱為 Cosmic Call 1,於1999年5月24日送出,預計在2069年可以到達奚仲四[11]

奚仲四的系統也在克卜勒太空望遠鏡 -行星獵人- 搜尋系外行星的視野內。

16 Cygni奚仲四(天鵝座16)的行星系[9]
成員
(依恆星距離)
质量 半長軸
(AU)
轨道周期
()
離心率 傾角 半径
b 2.38 ± 0.04 MJ 1.693 799.5 0.689 ± 0.011

相關條目

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2007-11, 474 (2): 653–664 [2021-11-09]. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:0708.1752可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. (原始内容存档于2020-07-23).  Vizier catalog entry for A页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Vizier catalog entry for B页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Kovtyukh, V. V.; Soubiran, C.; Belik, S. I.; Gorlova, N. I. High precision effective temperatures for 181 F–K dwarfs from line-depth ratios. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2003-12, 411 (3): 559–564. Bibcode:2003A&A...411..559K. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:astro-ph/0308429可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031378. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Raghavan, Deepak; Henry, Todd J.; Mason, Brian D.; Subasavage, John P.; Jao, Wei‐Chun; Beaulieu, Thom D.; Hambly, Nigel C. Two Suns in The Sky: Stellar Multiplicity in Exoplanet Systems. The Astrophysical Journal. 2006-07-20, 646 (1): 523–542 [2021-11-09]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646..523R. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0603836可免费查阅. doi:10.1086/504823. (原始内容存档于2021-11-09) (英语). 
  4. ^ Hauser, Heather M.; Marcy, Geoffrey W. The Orbit of 16 Cygni AB. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1999-03, 111 (757): 321–334 [2021-11-09]. Bibcode:1999PASP..111..321H. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/316328. (原始内容存档于2021-10-28) (英语). 
  5. ^ Holmberg; et al. Record 13627. Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood. 2007 [19 November 2008]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-21). 
  6. ^ Holmberg; et al. Record 13631. Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood. 2007 [19 November 2008]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-21). 
  7. ^ Cochran, William D.; Hatzes, Artie P.; Butler, R. Paul; Marcy, Geoffrey W. The Discovery of a Planetary Companion to 16 Cygni B. The Astrophysical Journal. 1997-07, 483 (1): 457–463 [2021-11-09]. Bibcode:1997ApJ...483..457C. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/304245. (原始内容存档于2021-11-09) (英语). 
  8. ^ Butler, R. P.; Wright, J. T.; Marcy, G. W.; Fischer, D. A.; Vogt, S. S.; Tinney, C. G.; Jones, H. R. A.; Carter, B. D.; Johnson, J. A. Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets. The Astrophysical Journal. 2006-07-20, 646 (1): 505–522 [2021-11-09]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646..505B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0607493可免费查阅. doi:10.1086/504701. (原始内容存档于2021-12-16) (英语). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Plávalová, Eva; Solovaya, Nina A. ANALYSIS OF THE MOTION OF AN EXTRASOLAR PLANET IN A BINARY SYSTEM. The Astronomical Journal. 2013-09-24, 146 (5): 108 [2021-11-09]. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:1212.3843可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/5/108. (原始内容存档于2021-11-09). 
  10. ^ Wittenmyer, Robert A.; Endl, Michael; Cochran, William D.; Levison, Harold F. Dynamical and Observational Constraints on Additional Planets in Highly Eccentric Planetary Systems. The Astronomical Journal. 2007-09, 134 (3): 1276–1284 [2021-11-09]. Bibcode:2007AJ....134.1276W. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:0706.1962可免费查阅. doi:10.1086/520880. (原始内容存档于2021-11-09) (英语). 
  11. ^ Передача и поиски разумных сигналов во Вселенной. ИРЭ РАН俄语Институт радиотехники и электроники имени В. А. Котельникова РАН. [2021-11-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-30) (俄语). 

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