細胞增生(英語:Hyperplasia),是指由於細胞數量增加(細胞增殖)而造成組織的體積質量增加[4],並且有些情況下會導致器官變大。細胞增生有時會與良性的贅生物或是良性肿瘤混淆[5]。
細胞增生是細胞對外在刺激常見的腫瘤前期反應[6] ,在顯微鏡底下,增生細胞與正常細胞無異,但是數量變多,有時候增生細胞的體積也可能變大(細胞肥大)[7]。細胞增生與細胞肥大的主要差異在於細胞受到外在刺激之後的反應方式,細胞增生是受到刺激之後細胞數量增加,而細胞肥大則是細胞的體積變大[8]。
細胞增生是一種對特定刺激的正常生理反應,增生的細胞也仍然受到細胞生長週期調控[5];然而,如果出現過多的荷爾蒙或是生長因子的刺激,細胞增生也會成為病理反應。異常的細胞增生和正常的細胞增生同樣受到生長因子控制,並且在移除刺激後停止生長[9],這一點和癌症及良性腫瘤發展過程中的贅生物不同,不同點在於癌变細胞不但異常生長,而且對於正常生長因子刺激沒有反應[10] 。即使如此,異常的細胞增生可以是進一步發生癌變的起點[9]。
許多原因都可能導致細胞增生,包括為了補償皮膚損傷而發生的表皮基底層增生、慢性發炎反應、荷爾蒙失調、或是因為創傷及其他疾病而發生的器官補償生長[11] 。細胞增生可能無害且發生在特定組織,例如乳腺的泌乳細胞在懷孕之後發生細胞增生,以因應分娩後的哺乳需求[12]。
胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF)在人體上最主要的功能是促進細胞增生,也就是細胞分裂[13],相對地,細胞肥大則只是細胞體積增加,例如骨骼肌細胞在重量訓練及使用類固醇之後產生的變化[14]。使用IGF後,會導致細胞增生而真正地增加組織中肌肉細胞的數量[15],之後施加重量訓練,無論是否使用類固醇,都可以使這些新產生的細胞在大小及力量上更成熟。有些理論認為某些運動的力量輸出訓練可以導致細胞增生,因此增加肌肉纖維的數量而不是僅增加單一肌肉纖維的體積[16]。
以子宮內膜細胞增生為例,通常是透過巴氏涂片检查來確認診斷,或是在子宮頸檢查時同時取得子宮內膜組織切片[3]。至於庫興氏病(英语:Cushing's disease)則可以檢查患者唾液的可體松濃度是否升高[17]。
細胞增生有些更常見的臨床形式,或是有些情況導致細胞增生:
細胞增生的治療會依據每種疾病的不同採用不同的治療方法。例如攝護腺肥大的患者可以合併使用甲型交感神經受體阻斷劑(英语:Alpha-1 blocker)以及5α還原酵素抑制劑(英语:5α-Reductase inhibitor)治療[26]。
Ден Сіммонсангл. Dan Simmons Народився 4 квітня 1948(1948-04-04) (75 років)Пеорія, Іллінойс, СШАГромадянство СШАДіяльність викладач літературиСфера роботи літературна діяльністьd[1], літературний твір у жанрі фентезі[1], наукова фантастика[1], література жахів[1]…
Potret Amir Hasan Kiai Bondan Kiai Amir Hasan bin Kiai Bondan Kejawan (lahir di Marabahan, 10 Februari 1882 – tanggal meninggal belum diketahui)[1] adalah pemerhati sejarah dan penulis buku-buku sejarah Kalimantan. Keren Pendidikan Termasuk putera Banjar pertama yang memasuki sekolah Europese Lagere School (ELS) tahun 1893, kemudian melanjutkan ke STOVIA namun tidak tamat. Karier Pada tahun 1908 ia mendirikan Sarekat Harta. Pada Juli 1919 ia menjadi salah seorang dari 4 orang Bumiputer…
هذه المقالة عن نمر الثُلوج أحد أنواع فصيلة السنوريَّات. لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع نمر (توضيح). اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف نَمِرُ الثُّلُوجِ حالة الحفظ أنواع مهددة بالانقراض (خطر انقراض أدنى)[1] المرتبة التصنيفية نوع التصنيف العلمي النطاق: حقيقيَّات النوى
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2020) ألييسون براون معلومات شخصية الميلاد العقد 1980 إنجلترا مواطنة المملكة المتحدة الحياة العملية المهنة مغنية، وممثلة اللغات الإنجليزية المو
Esta página cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Agosto de 2019) Cradle of Filth Cradle of FilthCradle Of Filth em 2018 Informação geral Origem Suffolk, Inglaterra País Reino Unido Gênero(s) Black metal sinfônico, metal extremo, gothic metal, black metal, death metal (início) Período…
Canadian ice hockey defenceman This biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately.Find sources: Greg Hawgood – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Ice hockey player Greg Hawgood Hawgood with the Chicago Wolves in …
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Koskipuisto – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Park in Tampere, Finland There are many old trees in Koskipuisto. At the right the grey-leaved white willows planted in the early 20th centur…
Altered perception of one's body image Not to be confused with body dysmorphic disorder. Medical conditionBody image disturbanceSpecialtyPsychiatry, psychologySymptomsAltered body self-perception, body uneasiness, body dissatisfaction, body-checking behaviorComplicationsEating disordersUsual onsetEarly adolescenceRisk factorsBody dissatisfaction, childhood neglect, childhood abuseDiagnostic methodEDI-3, body uneasiness test, clinical diagnosis, Visual Size Estimation Task, 3D MorphingDifferentia…
أسيتون[1] أسيتون أسيتون أسيتون أسيتون أسيتون الاسم النظامي (IUPAC) Acetone or Propanone تسمية الاتحاد الدولي للكيمياء propan-2-one[2] أسماء أخرى Acetone Dimethyl ketone[3] Dimethyl carbonyl β-Ketopropane[3] Propanone[4] 2-Propanone[3] Dimethyl formaldehyde[5] Pyroacetic spirit (قديم)[6] Ketone propane[7] المعرفات الاختصار…
Disparaging term used by opponents of gay rights activism Gay propaganda redirects here. For the 2013 Russian law, see Russian gay propaganda law. Gay agenda or homosexual agenda is a term used by sectors of the Christian religious right as a disparaging way to describe the advocacy of cultural acceptance and normalization of non-heterosexual sexual orientations and relationships. The term originated among social conservatives in the United States and has been adopted in nations with active anti…
English politician Richard Beaple. Detail from his mural monument in St Peter's Church, Barnstaple Richard Beaple (1564– 30 December 1643) of Barnstaple, Devon, was a wealthy merchant, ship owner and member of the Spanish Company, and was three times Mayor of Barnstaple in 1607, 1621 and 1635. His elaborate mural monument survives in St Peter's Church, Barnstaple. Origins He was one of the four sons of James Beaple (died 1616) of Barnstaple (son of Walter Beaple of Barnstaple), Mayor of Barnst…
У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Ганімед (значення). Ганімед Зображення Ганімеда, зроблене КА « Юнона» 2021 року. Світлі поверхні, сліди недавніх ударних зіткнень, поверхні покриті борознами і біла північна полярна шапка (у верхньому правому куті зобра…
Semi-cursive, slightly sloped style of handwriting and calligraphy developed in Italy This article is about the calligraphic and handwriting style. For other uses, see Old Italic alphabet and Italic type. Example page of the Italique Hande from a copy of A booke containing diuers sortes of hands... first published in 1570. Italic script, also known as chancery cursive and Italic hand, is a semi-cursive, slightly sloped style of handwriting and calligraphy that was developed during the Renaissanc…
Indian computer scientist (born 1947) For other people named Iyengar, see Iyengar (disambiguation). Sundaraja Sitharama IyengarBorn (1947-08-26) 26 August 1947 (age 76)Hemmige, Mysore State, Dominion of India (present-day Karnataka, India)Known forBrooks-Iyengar algorithm, Song (KAIST) - Iyengar (LSU) MobiCon Middleware Computing Platform, Lu-Wu-Iyengar New Detection Algorithm for Spectrum Sensing[1]Scientific careerFieldsDistributed Sensor Networks, RoboticsInstitutionsFIU, LS…
British umbrella frame manufacturer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notab…
Cet article recense les aires protégées au Sénégal, notamment les six parcs nationaux[1] et réserves naturelles destinées à la préservation de la faune et de la flore particulièrement riches. Parcs nationaux Le fleuve Gambie dans le Parc national du Niokolo-Koba. Calao à bec noir au Parc forestier et zoologique de Hann. Une gazelle dama dans la réserve de Guembeul. Parc national de la Basse-Casamance (PNBC) Parc national du delta du Saloum (PNDS) Parc national des îles de la Madelein…
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Blindsight film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2006 British filmBlindsightUK DVD SleeveDirected byLucy WalkerProduced bySybil Robson OrrStarringErik Weihenmayer, Sabriye Tenberken…
1972 compilation album by Various Artists20 Dynamic HitsCompilation album by Various ArtistsReleased1972 (1972)LabelK-Tel 20 Dynamic Hits is a compilation album released on vinyl by K-Tel in 1972. It reached number 1 in the UK[1] and was the first album put together specifically for telemarketing in that country. At a time when various artists compilations were eligible for inclusion on the UK's Official Album Chart, this was the biggest selling album of 1972. Track listing …
Municipality in Värmland County, SwedenEda Municipality Eda kommunMunicipality Coat of armsCoordinates: 59°53′N 12°17′E / 59.883°N 12.283°E / 59.883; 12.283CountrySwedenCountyVärmland CountySeatCharlottenbergArea[1] • Total894.92 km2 (345.53 sq mi) • Land820.18 km2 (316.67 sq mi) • Water74.74 km2 (28.86 sq mi) Area as of 1 January 2014.Population (31 December 2021)…
Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. character Fictional character Jemma SimmonsMarvel Cinematic Universe characterElizabeth Henstridge as Jemma Simmons in a promotional image for season fourFirst appearancePilotAgents of S.H.I.E.L.D.September 24, 2013Last appearanceWhat We're Fighting ForAgents of S.H.I.E.L.D.August 12, 2020Created by Joss Whedon Jed Whedon Maurissa Tancharoen Portrayed byElizabeth HenstridgeVoiced byElizabeth HenstridgeIn-universe informationFull nameJemma Anne SimmonsNicknameFitzSimmons (w…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.12.74.170