基蘇菲姆

基蘇菲姆
כִּסּוּפִים‬
كيسوفيم‎
基布茲標誌上的基蘇菲姆地圖。
基布茲標誌上的基蘇菲姆地圖。
詞源：嚮往
坐标：31°22′27″N 34°23′58″E / 31.37417°N 34.39944°E / 31.37417; 34.39944
國家 以色列
地區南部區
委員會艾許科爾
隶属于基布茲運動
成立1951年
創始人美國和南美洲的青年錫安主義者
人口（2021年）[1]292人
網站www.kissufim.org.il

基蘇菲姆（希伯來語：כִּסּוּפִם‎，直译：嚮往）是以色列內蓋夫沙漠西北部的一座基布茲。其毗鄰加沙地帶，海拔92米，隸屬於艾許科爾地區委員會管轄。2021年，人口為292人[1]。

歷史

参见：基蘇菲姆大屠殺

基蘇菲姆由來自美國和南美洲的青年錫安主義運動成員於1951年建立。基布茲的創始人之一是阿米·索爾（阿米·沙烏爾），其於1932年出生於美國紐約曼哈頓，是以色列·加利利的侄子，也是電影製片人德羅·沙烏爾的父親。基蘇菲姆是以色列沙洛姆地區的定居點一部分，旨在保衛以色列與加沙走廊的南部邊界，免受巴勒斯坦武裝部隊的入侵。政府資助每戶人家建造鋼筋混凝土安全室，以為防空洞[2]。

1999年，在基蘇菲姆出生和長大的德羅·沙烏爾拍攝一部根據基布茲生活改編的諷刺喜劇《奶奶行動》[3]。

2023年10月7日阿克薩洪水行動中，來自加沙走廊的哈馬斯武裝分子入侵基蘇菲姆屠殺居民。這次屠殺造成至少8名基布茲居民和6名泰國勞工喪生，至少4人被綁架並被帶到加沙[4]。

經濟

基布茲經濟依賴酪農業、家禽養殖、柑橘園和牛油果園，這些都是基布茲的主要收入來源之一。基蘇菲姆擁有一家生產眼鏡塑膠框的工廠[5]。基蘇菲姆乳牛場擁有380頭乳牛，平均產乳量為12800公升[6]。

遺跡

特爾伽馬是該地區的主要考古遺跡，位於加沙乾河南岸，基蘇菲姆東北偏東約5公里處。1977年6月，一名拖拉機司機在準備開發新田時發現馬賽克，據信其是6世紀中葉拜占庭教堂地板的一部分。據考古學家稱，其是按根據公元313年君士坦丁大帝統治時期的早期基督教大教堂之規劃而建造[7]。

基蘇菲姆基布茲設有考古博物館，展示該地區發現的文物。

基蘇菲姆口岸

由以色列進入加沙走廊，通往以色列定居點古什卡蒂夫主要交通路線的口岸以基蘇菲姆命名。作為以色列撤離加沙計畫的一部分，該口岸於2005年8月15日永久禁止以色列民用交通入境。2005年9月12日黎明，最後一名以色列士兵離開加沙走廊並關閉基蘇菲姆口岸的大門，象徵以色列完成撤離加沙走廊[8]。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Regional Statistics. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. [2023-02-22]. 
  2. ^ The safest room in the house. timesofisrael. [2023-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-18） （英语）. 
  3. ^ Ready, Set, Action: 16 Israeli Cult Movies to Feel Like a Local. indiewire. [2023-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-16） （英语）. 
  4. ^ Tzuri, Matan. Horrors unraveling: Hamas militants cold-bloodedly execute 90-year-old Israeli woman. Ynetnews. 2023-10-12 [2023-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-15） （英语）. 
  5. ^ Israel High-tech and investment report (PDF). [2023-10-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-07-27） （英语）. 
  6. ^ Israeli dairy farmers slaughtered by Hamas as they milked their cows. [2023-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-19） （英语）. 
  7. ^ The Marvelous Mosaics of Kissufim. [2023-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-16） （英语）. 
  8. ^ Israel completes Gaza withdrawal. BBC News. 2006-09-12 [2023-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-13） （英语）. 

外部鏈結

考古連結

  • Cohen, Rudolph. The Marvelous Mosaics of Kissufim. Biblical Archaeology Review. 1980-01 [2019-10-04]. 
  • Cohen, Rudolph. A Byzantine church and its mosaic floors at Kissufim. Tsafrir, Yoram (编). Ancient Churches Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. 1993-06-01: 277–282. ISBN 9789652210166. 
  • Ronen, Avraham; Gilead, D.; Shachnai, E.; Saull, Ami. Upper Acheulean in the Kissufim Region. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 1972-02-15, 116 (1): 68–96. JSTOR 985707.  Regarding Lower Paleolithic

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