埃尔德什·帕尔

匈牙利语人名顺序为先姓后名。本条目中的译名遵从此顺序。
埃尔德什·帕尔
Erdős Pál
攝於1996年
出生(1913-03-26)1913年3月26日
 奥匈帝国布達佩斯
逝世1996年9月20日(1996歲—09—20)（83歲）
 波蘭華沙
国籍匈牙利
母校皇家匈牙利帕茲馬尼·彼得大學
知名于非常多的结果和猜想（超过1500篇文章），以及非常多的共同作者（超过500位）
奖项沃爾夫獎（1983/84）
美國數學學會柯爾獎（1951）
科学生涯
研究领域數學
机构曼徹斯特維多利亞大學
普林斯頓大學
普渡大學
聖母大學
耶路撒冷希伯來大學
以色列理工學院
博士導師費耶爾·利波特
博士生約瑟夫·克魯斯卡爾
喬治·B·珀迪（英语：George B. Purdy）
亞歷山大·蘇伊佛（英语：Alexander Soifer）
貝拉·波羅巴斯（匈牙利语：Béla Bollobás）[1]

埃尔德什·帕尔（匈牙利語：Erdős Pál，匈牙利语发音：[ˈɛrdøːʃ ˈpaːl]；1913年3月26日—1996年9月20日），英语名保罗·埃尔德什（Paul Erdős）。匈牙利籍猶太人，發表論文高達1525篇（包括与人合寫的），為現時發表論文數最多的數學家（其次是歐拉）；曾和511人合寫論文。

生平

埃尔德什遺傳了來自數學教師父母優異的數學天賦，三歲時就能輕鬆心算一個人一生所活的秒數，並每日在客人面前表演四位數的乘法心算。他年僅二十一歲即被厄特沃什·羅蘭大學（即布達佩斯大學）授予數學博士學位，師從數學家費耶爾·利波特（他也是冯·诺伊曼的導師）。之後埃尔德什為了逃離納粹的追捕，歷任曼徹斯特大學教授、普林斯頓大學、普度大学和圣母大学之研究人員。

埃尔德什熱愛自由，十分討厭權威，尤其是法西斯。他四處遊歷，探訪當地的數學家，與他們一起工作，合寫論文。他很重視數學家的培訓，遇到有天份的孩子，會鼓勵他們繼續研究，其中最为著名的为华裔澳大利亚数学家陶哲轩。埃尔德什經常沉思于數學問題，視數學為生命。[2]。他經常長時間工作，老年仍每日工作19小時，藉由長期服用安非他命[3][4]。

艾狄胥的特殊語彙

  • 最高法西斯（Supreme Fascist）指「上帝」，但其實他懷疑上帝的存在。
  • 天書（The Book）指上帝寫的書，其中有最好、最優雅的數學定理證明。
  • 愛普西楞（epsilons）本是希臘字母ε，特指「小孩子」，因為在微積分裡，任意微小的正數，常用符號ε表示。
  • 「老闆」指結婚的女人，而結婚的男人是被俘虜的「奴隸」；離婚的男人稱為「被解放了」。
  • 「宣道」指發表數學演說。
  • 不再做數學的人叫做「死了」；死掉的人叫做「離開了」。
  • 對學生口頭測驗叫做「凌遲」。

數學貢獻

活躍的數學範疇：

埃尔德什所作過的猜想：

定理或貢獻：

參考

推荐阅读

  • 《数字情种——埃尔德什传》（The man who loved only numbers），Paul Hoffman，ISBN 7-5428-2373-6
  • 《我的大脑敞开了》（My brain is opened），布鲁斯·谢克特，王元李文林译，ISBN 978-7-5327-3607-2

相关条目

參考文獻

  1. ^ Mathematics Genealogy Project. [13 August 2012]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-07）. 
  2. ^ Hill, J. Paul Erdos, Mathematical Genius, Human (In That Order) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  3. ^ 從愛因斯坦的怪癖中你能學到什麼扎利亞·戈爾維特（Zaria Gorvett）. [2018-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）. 
  4. ^ 如果大家都服用聰明藥，會怎麼樣 扎裏亞·高威特Zaria Gorvett 2018年 9月 25日. [2018-09-29]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-02）. 
  5. ^ Kalai, Gil, Choongbum Lee proved the Burr-Erdős conjecture, Combinatorics and more, May 22, 2015 [2015-05-22], （原始内容存档于2020-09-30） 
  6. ^ Lee, Choongbum, Ramsey numbers of degenerate graphs, Annals of Mathematics, 2017, 185 (3): 791–829, arXiv:1505.04773 可免费查阅, doi:10.4007/annals.2017.185.3.2 
  7. ^ 1932年提出的此问题已被英国计算机专家阿列克谢·利什特沙和鲍里斯·科涅夫利用计算机解决，他们论文参见 [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  8. ^ Computer generated math proof is too large for humans to check. [2014-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-08）. 
  9. ^ 網絡討論提供協助 數學家陶哲軒破解80年難題. [2016-06-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-18）. 

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