四征將軍

四征將軍,即征東將軍征西將軍征南將軍征北將軍,是中國古代的高級將軍官名。

沿革

諸征將軍之名最早出現於漢代,當時的地位與名號將軍相同,位次低於代表中央朝廷的重號將軍,但外軍作戰時為外軍最高長官依律法號令諸位將軍、校尉等軍官執掌征伐作戰,重號將軍或皇帝在場時則做為輔弼侍奉助佐軍務。

漢光武帝時,岑彭曾擔任征南將軍,馮異曾為征西將軍。

東漢末年丞相曹操因戰亂經常征伐四方,乃常置四征將軍,二千石。魏文帝時將官職制定九品,四征將軍為第二品,地位次於三公晉朝時則為第三品,加大並開府則位同諸公,乃成為常設的高級將軍官名。南北朝時亦為次於大將軍的高級將軍。唐朝之後廢除。

特殊案例

在正常情況下四征將軍比四鎮將軍的品位高,但在三國時期的蜀國,四鎮將軍的品位卻比四征將軍高。

參考

  • 晉書》卷二十四/志第十四/職官
  • 魏略》「四征,魏武帝置,秩二千石。黃初中,位次三公。漢舊諸征與偏裨雜號同。」
  • 通典》職官志

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