哈恰杜尔·阿博维扬

1831年的阿博维扬画像

哈恰杜尔·阿搏维杨亞美尼亞語Խաչատուր Աբովյան,1805年10月15日—1848年4月14日) , 亚美尼亚民主主义启蒙家、作家、教育家、亚美尼亚新文学和新文学语言奠基人。生于卡纳克尔村(现埃里温)的农民家庭。曾就学于梯弗里斯埃奇米阿津修道院涅尔谢亚诺夫教会中学;1830—1836年就学于杰尔普特大学。从1837年起到逝世,先后在梯弗里斯、埃里温担任县立实科学校教师和督学。

他的著作充满进步的民主主义和民族主义思想,反对封建农奴制度和反动的教权主义意识形态,主张发展经济、教育和文化。其文艺创作高峰是小说《亚美尼亚的创伤》(1836—1840,1856年初版)。小说以主人公阿西加的经历,反映亚美尼亚人民反抗伊朗的斗争,语言朴实易懂,充满爱国主义和民主主义思想。小说成了亚美尼亚新文学的基石,具有巨大的文化和社会意义。为写成该书,作者搜集了大批资料,就外高加索的民间文学、民俗学和历史问题写了许多学术论文。另外,作者还翻译了荷马歌德等人的作品。

他的启蒙活动引起亚美尼亚教权派和沙皇官员对他的残酷迫害。1848年4月2日,他离家未返,人们推测他可能自杀或被暗杀。他的多数作品是死后发表的,对亚美尼亚语言文学的发展产生了巨大的影响。

著作


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