凱爾特地區

凱爾特地區:
  曼島

凱爾特地區(英語:Celtic nations)是位於北歐西歐的一系列地區的並稱。這一地區在過去或現在仍然使用凱爾特語,並在藝術、歷史、音樂、舞蹈、文學等文化領域擁有共通的獨特之處[1]。凱爾特地區包括了6個地區,分別是布列塔尼Breizh)、康沃爾郡Kernow)、愛爾蘭Éire)、曼島Mannin)、蘇格蘭Alba)、威爾士Cymru[1][2]。這些地區至今仍然使用凱爾特語族的語言,或至現代為止都曾使用凱爾特語系語言[3]。除此之外,西班牙西北部(加利西亞阿斯圖里亞斯坎塔布里亞),葡萄牙(和加利西亞接壤山區的部分地區)有時也被認為屬於凱爾特地區[4][5][6]。在古羅馬日耳曼尼亞文化圈擴大之前,凱爾特文化在歐洲文化中佔有重要的地位[7]。凱爾特地區現在的總人口有18,584,000人,其中能使用凱爾特系語言諸語的人口約有2,882,100人。近年在凱爾特地區,能使用凱爾特語言的人口有所增加[8][9]

凱爾特國家(依照Celtic League英语Celtic League和其他凱爾特民族主義的定義)
國家
(凱爾特名)
凱爾特語 民族 人口 語言使用人數 語言使用比例
 爱尔兰
Éire
愛爾蘭語
(Gaeilge)
愛爾蘭人
(Éireannaigh, Gaeil)
4,588,252[10] 1,904,958[11][12] 38.6%
北愛爾蘭
Tuaisceart Éireann
愛爾蘭語
(Gaeilge)
愛爾蘭人
(Éireannaigh, Gaeil)
1,810,863[10] 130,521[11][12] 7.2%
 苏格兰
Alba
蘇格蘭蓋爾語
(Gàidhlig)
蘇格蘭人
(Albannaich)
5,313,600 92,400[13] 1.2%[14]
 马恩岛
Mannin
Ellan Vannin
曼島語
(Gaelg)
曼島人
(Manninee)
84,497[15] 1,662[15] 2.0%[15]
 威尔士Cymru 威爾斯語
(Cymraeg)
威爾斯人
(Cymry)
3,000,000 750,000+:
威爾斯:611,000[16]
英格蘭:150,000 [17]
阿根廷:5,000[18]
美國:2,500 [19]
加拿大:2,200 [20]
21.7%[21]
 康瓦爾郡Kernow 康瓦爾語
(Kernowek)
康瓦爾人
(Kernowyon)
500,000 2,000[22] 0.1%[23][24]
 布列塔尼大區
Breizh
布列塔尼語
(brezhoneg)
布列塔尼人
(Breizhiz)
4,300,000 206,000[25] 5%[25]

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Koch, John. Celtic Culture : A Historical Encyclopedia. ABL-CIO. 2005: xx, 300, 421, 495, 512, 583, 985 [24 November 2011]. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0. 
  2. ^ Celticleague.net. [2013-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2009-10-08). 
  3. ^ Koch, John T. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2006: 365 [2 March 2011]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-23). 
  4. ^ Koch, John T. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2006: 365, 697, 788–791 [2 March 2011]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-23). 
  5. ^ Alberro, Manuel. Celtic Legacy in Galicia. E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. 2005, 6: 1005–1035 [2013-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-01). 
  6. ^ Site Officiel du Festival Interceltique de Lorient. Festival Interceltique de Lorient website. Festival Interceltique de Lorient. 2009 [2009-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-05). 
  7. ^ Ian Johnston. We're nearly all Celts under the skin. The Scotsman. 21 September 2006 [2007-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2007-12-12). 
  8. ^ Fockle ny ghaa: schoolchildren take charge. [2014-05-10]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-04). 
  9. ^ 'South West:TeachingEnglish:British Council:BBC. BBC/British Council website (BBC). 2010 [2010-02-09]. (原始内容存档于2013-02-11). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 愛爾蘭共和國2011年人口有4,588,252人,北愛爾蘭2011年人口有1,810,863人。這些是相關司法管轄區政府統計機構的普查數據:
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Central Statistics Office Ireland. Cso.ie. [2013-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-02). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 北愛爾蘭來自2001年普查的數字有些模棱兩可,因為它涵蓋「對於愛爾蘭語有點認識」的人。在宣稱「有點認識」的167,487人中,36,479人能夠聽得懂但本身不懂得說。
  13. ^ Mixed report on Gaelic language. BBC News. 2005-10-10 [2013-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-12). 
  14. ^ Kenneth MacKinnon. Census 2001 Scotland: Gaelic Language – first results. 2003 [2007-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2006-09-04). 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Isle of Man Census 2011 (PDF). Isle of Man Government. [17 October 2014]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-03-02). 
  16. ^ 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey: the report – Welsh Language Board. [2010-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-24). 
  17. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – United Kingdom : Welsh. UNHCR. [2010-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-07). 
  18. ^ Wales and Argentina. Wales.com website. Welsh Assembly Government. 2008 [2 January 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011年7月16日). 
  19. ^ Table 1. Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over for the United States: 2006–2008 Release Date: April, 2010 (xls). United States Census Bureau. 27 April 2010 [2 January 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-22). 
  20. ^ 2006 Census of Canada: Topic based tabulations: Various Languages Spoken (147), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 7 December 2010 [3 January 2011]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-07). 
  21. ^ Publication of the report on the 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey. Welsh Language Board website An increase from the 2001 census results: 582,368 persons age 3 and over were able to speak Welsh – 20.8% of the population. Welsh Language Board. 8 May 2006 [2010-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-31). 
  22. ^ 'South West:TeachingEnglish:British Council:BBC. BBC/British Council website (BBC). 2010 [2010-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2013-02-11). 
  23. ^ projects.ex.ac.uk – On being a Cornish ‘Celt’: changing Celtic heritage and traditions (PDF). [2017-04-22]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-12-18). 
  24. ^ Effectively extinct as a spoken language in 1777. Language revived from 1904, though a tiny 0.1% percent is able to hold a limited conversion in Cornish.
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 (法文) Données clés sur Breton, Ofis ar Brezhoneg页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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