冰島—俄羅斯關係

冰島-俄羅斯關係
雙方在世界的位置

冰島

俄羅斯
冰島總統奧拉維爾·拉格納·格里姆松俄羅斯總統普京,攝於2002年克里姆林宮

冰島-俄羅斯關係(俄语:Российско-исландские отношения),是指俄罗斯联邦冰島共和國之間的雙邊關係。俄羅斯在冰島首都雷克雅維克設有大使館。兩國曾在經貿方面關係密切[1]

歷史

蘇聯和冰島於1943年10月4日建交[2][3];1955年12月,兩國升格為大使級關係。自1975年至1991年,冰島在蘇聯設有貿易代表處;由1991至1995年,俄羅斯联邦於冰島設有貿易代表處[2]。1997年,歷史上第一本《俄語冰島語詞典》出版[4]。2002年4月18日至24日,冰島總統格里姆松赴俄羅斯外訪,訪問了俄羅斯城市聖彼得堡莫斯科諾夫哥羅德薩列哈爾德[2][5]

2008年,冰岛的傳統西方盟友拒絕提供財政援助,拯救該國面臨崩潰的銀行體系,因此冰岛總理蓋爾·哈爾德派出代表團,向俄國請求提供30億英鎊(約40億歐元)的援助[6];後來因應冰島成功向國際貨幣基金組織及丹麥、挪威等北歐國家中央銀行借得大筆貸款,遂將與俄罗斯協商的貸款額減至5億美元,但俄羅斯最終在於2009年10月14日宣布拒絕貸款[7]

2022年2月俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後,冰岛总理卡特琳·雅各布斯多蒂爾谴责了俄罗斯的入侵行为,[8]并跟隨歐美一同對俄國進行制裁。同年3月7日,俄羅斯聯邦政府通過對其採取「不友善舉動」的國家與地區名單冰岛也被列入[註 1][9]2023年8月,因两国关系恶化,冰岛政府决定关闭其驻莫斯科的大使馆[10]

經貿關係

2003年,俄羅斯和冰島兩國之間的雙邊貿易總額為8970萬美元,其中冰島到俄羅斯的出口總額為380萬美元,俄羅斯到冰島的出口總額為7590萬美元。俄羅斯是冰島第九大出口國。俄羅斯出口到冰島的產品包括石油產品和,而冰島出口到俄羅斯的產品則包括輪船海產紡織品服裝化肥以及工業設備[2]

參考

  1. ^ Iceland seeks Russian comfort. 莫斯科新聞英语The Moscow News. [2009-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-31). Russia received a similar official request late on Tuesday and the country's Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin was quoted by Interfax as saying: "We will consider it. Iceland has a reputation for strict budget discipline and has a high credit rating. We're looking favorably at the request." Negotiations on the loan are supposed to start on October 14. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Russian embassy in Reykjavík. 俄罗斯政府. [2009-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-19). 
  3. ^ Bilateral Relations. 冰岛政府. [2009-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2008-11-20). Diplomatic relations were established between Iceland and Soviet Union 1943 and in the following year Embassies were opened in Reykjavík and Moscow respectively. 
  4. ^ Russnesk-islensk ordabok.. [2009-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-25) (俄语). 
  5. ^ Iceland leader arrives in Moscow. Interfax at the BBC. April 18, 2002 [2009-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-19). President of Iceland Olafur Grimsson arrived in Moscow on Thursday [18 April] on the first state visit in the history of the two countries' relations. At the airport, Grimsson was greeted by head of the Russian Fisheries Committee Yevgeniy Nazdratenko.The Russian Foreign Ministry told Interfax that relations between Moscow and Reykjavik "are on the rise and are developing rapidly".Upcoming Russian-Icelandic talks are expected ... 
  6. ^ Mason, Rowena. Iceland nationalises bank and seeks Russian loan. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2008-10-07 [2009-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2009-01-26). Prime Minister Geir Haarde rushed emergency measures through the Nordic nation's parliament to nationalise Landsbanki and give the country's largest bank, Kaupthing, a £400 million loan to bolster its balance sheet. 
  7. ^ Russia refuses $500 million loan to Iceland. RIA Novosti (Moscow). 2009-10-14 [2011-10-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-22). Russia's government has refused to grant a $500 million loan to Iceland. Iceland originally asked Russia for a 4 billion euro ($5.8 billion) loan, but after it received most of the sum from Scandinavian countries and the IMF, the sum of the requested loan went down to $500 million. 
  8. ^ Russians In Iceland & Icelandic Government Condemn Invasion Of Ukraine, Protests Planned. The Reykjavik Grapevine. 24 February 2022 [2022-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2022-02-24). 
  9. ^ 中央社. 俄羅斯「不友善」國家與地區名單 台灣也上榜. 風傳媒. 2022年3月7日 [2022年3月14日]. (原始内容存档于2022年5月3日). 
  10. ^ 中央广播电台. 冰島關閉駐俄大使館 開歐洲先例. 法新社. 2023-08-01 [2023-08-02]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-07). 

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