亚历山大史事

亚历山大史事》(希臘語Περὶ Ἀλέξανδρον ἱστορίαιPerì Aléxandron historíai[1]是西元前4世紀希臘化時代作家克來塔卡斯的著作,記載亞歷山大大帝的生與死,今已散佚。此書仍有30段文字散見於其它書籍[2],稱為通俗本(英語:The Vulgate),以這些片段為來源寫成的作品則稱為「通俗傳統」(英語:The Vulgate Tradition),包括西西里的狄奧多羅斯著作《歷史叢書英语Bibliotheca historica》、昆圖斯·庫爾提烏斯·魯福斯著作《亞歷山大大帝史英语Histories of Alexander the Great》等。[3]

《亚历山大史事》約在西元前309年至前301年的某個時間點完成,是當時以亞歷山大為主題的書籍中最受歡迎的作品。此書視角獨特,描述亞歷山大的心理傾向與手下士兵的生活細節,從今日來看很有價值。不過,此書仍被後世學者視為不可靠的參考文獻。學者認為,克來塔克斯寫了一個有趣的故事,但非可信的歷史紀錄。[4]阿里安就在《亞歷山大遠征記》中刻意挑戰克來塔克斯的通俗傳統,讓《遠征記》成為現代學者評價甚高的重要文獻。[4][5]

起源

有學者認為,《亚历山大史事》是在亞歷山卓寫成,可能是在托勒密一世下令將亞歷山大大帝遺體遷至埃及後開始撰寫,並在前309年至前301年之間的某個時間點完稿。此一說法受到幾位古代歷史學家支持,而他們的參考來源則是托勒密一世於西元前4世紀晚期的作品。在這部作品中,托勒密一世糾正克來塔克斯的筆誤。但隨著《俄克喜林庫斯書卷英语Oxyrhynchus Papyri》出土,上述說法也受到質疑。[6]

參考文獻

  1. ^ Cleitarchus. www.iranicaonline.org. Encyclopaedia Iranica. [2019-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-18) (英语). 
  2. ^  Chisholm, Hugh (编). Cleitarchus. Encyclopædia Britannica 6 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press: 481. 1911 (英国英语). 
  3. ^ Chugg, Andrew. Concerning Alexander: The History of Alexander the Great by Cleitarchus (PDF). alexanderstomb.com. [2019-01-18]. (原始内容 (pdf)存档于2019-01-31) (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Alexander 3.2 The Vulgate – Livius. www.livius.org. [2019-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-06) (英语). 
  5. ^ Bosworth, A.B. From Arrian to Alexander. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1988: 1–37 (英国英语). 
  6. ^ Prandi, Luisa. NEW EVIDENCE FOR THE DATING OF CLEITARCHUS (PDF). Histos. 2012-07-11, (6 (2012)): 15–26 [2019-01-18]. (原始内容 (pdf)存档于2020-07-13) (英国英语). 

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