XM7突擊步槍

XM7
XM7步槍，它是以MCX Spear作基礎
类型突擊步槍[1]
原产地 美国
服役记录
服役期间2022年—
使用方美國陸軍
生产历史
研发日期2019年
生产商西格&紹爾
基本规格
重量8.38磅（3.80公斤）[2]
9.84磅（4.46公斤）（裝上抑制器）[3]
1.4磅（0.64公斤）（裝上20發彈匣）
长度36英寸（914 mm）（裝上抑制器）
槍管长度13英寸（330 mm）[4]
口徑.277 Fury（英语：.277 Fury）（6.8×51毫米）
枪机短行程活塞導氣式
轉拴式槍栓[5]
发射模式半自動、全自動，可選射
供弹方式20發SR-25規格彈匣[6]
25發SR-25規格彈匣[7]
瞄具可在上機匣頂部的皮卡汀尼導軌安裝各種照準器

XM7（前稱：XM5）是SIG MCX Spear突擊步槍的美國陸軍衍生型，發射.277 Fury（英语：.277 Fury）（6.8×51毫米）口徑子彈[1][8]。它是由西格&紹爾（SIG Sauer）於2022年為了參與“下一代班用武器計劃（英语：Next Generation Squad Weapon Program）”（Next Generation Squad Weapon Program，NGSW）而研發，目的是取代現役的M4卡賓槍。XM7具備一條加強的自由浮動M-LOK護木以供用戶安裝各種配件。

歷史

2019年1月，美國陸軍展開“下一代班用武器計劃”以尋找替換M4卡賓槍和M249班用自動武器的新武器。2019年9月，西格&紹爾提交了其設計的樣槍[9]。XM7被設計至發射6.8×51毫米（.277寸）Fury子彈以改善常見的戰場彈藥，如：5.56×45毫米北約彈（用於M4卡賓槍和M249班用自動武器）和7.62×51毫米北約彈對付穿著防彈衣的敵人時威力不足的問題[1][10][11]。陸軍時報形容其為一種“6.8毫米中間型口徑子彈”[1]。然而，.277 Fury的彈道數據指出其可能是一種全威力子彈，因為它有著比7.62×51毫米北約彈更高的膛壓、初速和能量[12] [13]。2022年4月19日，陸軍授予西格&紹爾一份為期10年的合約，以生產XM7和XM250輕機槍以分別地取代M4和M249[14][15]。該步槍原本是被定名為XM5，因為它是即將取代M4的武器[16]，可是在2023年1月，陸軍宣佈將會把XM5改名為XM7，以迴避柯特M5卡賓槍的商標爭議[17]。

首批的25支XM7將預定於2023年尾交付陸軍。陸軍計劃採購一共107,000枝步槍以裝備前線作戰部隊，包括：步兵、騎兵斥候、戰鬥工兵、前方觀察員和戰鬥醫療兵。目前暫時沒有計劃為非前線作戰士兵裝備該槍。一旦美國海軍陸戰隊及美國特種作戰司令部也決定採用XM7，西格&紹爾可按照該合約生產額外數量的武器[16]。

XM7步槍、XM250輕型機槍、XM157火控光學平台和6.8×51毫米子彈班用武器於2024年開始進行作戰測試，但不保證在未來可大規模列裝[18] 。一旦被正式採用，XM7將會改名為“M7”。

2024年3月，XM7步槍開始列裝第101空降師。

設計

展示NGSW系統的第4遊騎兵訓練營士兵，前方士兵正使用XM7步槍及XM157射控系統

XM7重8.38磅（3.80公斤），裝有抑制器時則重9.84磅（4.46公斤）。該槍以20發容量的SR-25規格彈匣供彈[6]，另有25發彈匣可供選擇[7]。每名士兵的建議攜彈量為140發，分散在7個20發彈匣內，連步槍一共重9.8磅（4.4公斤）。一枝未加裝抑制器的M4A1則重6.34磅（2.88公斤），在包含以7個30發彈匣共210發子彈的攜彈量下共重7.4磅（3.4公斤）。相比之下，XM7較M4A1重2磅（0.91公斤），而每名士兵亦將在少70發子彈下攜帶比後者重4磅（1.8公斤）的負載[2][19]。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 South, Todd. Army chooses Sig Sauer to build its Next Generation Squad Weapon. Army Times. 2022-04-19 [2022-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-17）. The intermediate caliber 6.8mm cartridge falls between the 5.56mm, which is in the M4 and the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon, and the 7.62mm round in the M240 machine gun. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Beynon, Steve. How Well Do the Army's New Guns Perform? That's Classified, But Soldiers Will Carry More Weight, Less Ammo. Military.com. 2 May 2022. （原始内容存档于30 May 2022）. 
  3. ^ Moss, Matthew. US Army Shares Details on Next Generation Squad Weapons. The Firearm Blog. 16 May 2022. （原始内容存档于18 May 2022）. 
  4. ^ The Next Generation Has Arrived. sigsauer. Sig Sauer. [20 February 2023]. （原始内容存档于19 February 2023）. 
  5. ^ Popenker, Maxim. SIG Sauer NGSW-R MCX Spear XM5 assault rifle (USA). Modern Firearms. （原始内容存档于4 June 2022）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 LANCER SYSTEMS L6SCM – Lancer Systems. [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-03） （美国英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 The US Army’s new Service Rifle - The SIG SPEAR / NGSW XM5, [2023-05-01], （原始内容存档于2023-06-08） （英语） 
  8. ^ Camacho, Mario Samuel. Will SIG Sauer’s XM5 Top the M4 Carbine?. The National Interest. 2022-09-27 [2023-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-09） （英语）. 
  9. ^ Moss, Matthew. SIG Sauer Wins US Army Next Generation Squad Weapon Contract. Overt Defense. 2022-04-19 [2022-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-20） （加拿大英语）. 
  10. ^ Schogol, Jeff. Army selects Sig Sauer to produce Next Generation Squad Weapon and ammo. Task & Purpose. 2022-04-19 [2022-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-31） （美国英语）. 
  11. ^ Mizokami, Kyle. The Army's Next-Gen Infantry Weapons Will Be More Lethal and More Accurate. Popular Mechanics. 2022-04-21 [2022-04-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-31） （美国英语）. 
  12. ^ Langston, Jay. 277 SIG Fury: SIG Sauer Unveils New Caliber with Hybrid Case Design. 20 December 2019. （原始内容存档于14 June 2021）. 
  13. ^ 277 SIG FURY [277 SIG FURY] (PDF). SAAMI. 23 September 2020. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于31 May 2022）. 
  14. ^ Beynon, Steve. Army Picks Its Replacement for the M4 and SAW. Military.com. 2022-04-19 [2022-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-20） （美国英语）. 
  15. ^ U.S. Army Public Affairs. Army awards Next Generation Squad Weapon contract. US Army. 19 April 2022. （原始内容存档于31 May 2022）. 公有领域 本文含有此來源中屬於公有领域的内容。
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Smith, Todd. Army expects Next Generation Squad Weapon to get to its first unit by next year. 20 April 2022 [29 May 2022]. （原始内容存档于17 March 2023）. 
  17. ^ South, Todd. New name selected for Army’s Next Generation Squad Weapon. Army Times. 2023-01-18 [2023-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-17） （英语）. 
  18. ^ Parsons, Dan. Here's Everything We Now Know About The Army's New Squad Rifles. The War Zone. 2022-04-20 [2022-04-30]. （原始内容存档于30 May 2022） （美国英语）. 
  19. ^ Reinsch, Michael. NGSW signifies an evolution in Soldier lethality. US Army. 13 May 2022. （原始内容存档于16 July 2022）. 

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