StAX

XML流API（Streaming API for XML，缩写StAX）是用于读写XML文档的应用程序接口，起源于Java社群，JSR 173定义了这个API。

传统上来说，XML的API无外乎是以下两种：

  • 基于树的API- 整个文档以树的形式被读入内存，可以被调用程序随机访问。
  • 基于事件的API - 应用注册接收事件，当原XML文档遇到事体时就会产生这些事件。

两者皆有优点，前者（例如DOM）允许对文档进行随机访问，而后者（例如SAX）需要较小的内存开销，并却通常更快。

这两个方法可以认为是正好相反。基于树的API允许无限制的，随机的访问和操纵，而基于事件的API是一次性地遍历源文档。

StAX被设计为这两者的一个折中。在StAX中，程序的切入点是表示XML文档中一个位置的光标。应用程序在需要时向前移动光标，从解析器拉出信息。与基于事件的API（如SAX）将“数据推送”给应用程序不同的是，SAX需要应用程序维持时间间的状态，以保持文档内的位置信息。

起源

StAX起源于一些“拉”XML的API，最著名的是XMLPULL, 其作者（Stefan Haustein和Aleksander Ominski）与BEA Systems, 甲骨文公司, Sun, Breeze Factor（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）及James Clark合作编写了这个规范。

例子

从JSR-173 Specification• Final, V1.0中摘取的例子（以合理使用方式使用）

引用:

下面的Java API显示了以光标方式读取XML的主要方法。
// Java 
public interface XMLStreamReader { 
  public int next() throws XMLStreamException; 
  public boolean hasNext() throws XMLStreamException; 
  public String getText(); 
  public String getLocalName(); 
  public String getNamespaceURI(); 
  // ...其他方法隐去
}
写入的API与读取API的元素开始和元素结束相对应。
// Java 
public interface XMLStreamWriter { 
  public void writeStartElement(String localName) throws XMLStreamException;
  public void writeEndElement() throws XMLStreamException; 
  public void writeCharacters(String text) throws XMLStreamException; 
  // ...其他方法隐去
}
5.3.1 XMLStreamReader
本例子说明初始化一个输入工厂，创建阅读器，并迭代XML文档中的元素。
XMLInputFactory f = XMLInputFactory.newInstance(); 
XMLStreamReader r = f.createXMLStreamReader(... ); 
while (r.hasNext()) { 
    r.next(); 
}

实现

参见

外部链接

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