Qi (無線充電標準)

Qi
状态活跃
开始年2008年,​17年前​(2008
首次出版2008年,​17年前​(2008
最新版本2
2023年4月19日,​20個月前​(2023-04-19[1]
组织Wireless Power Consortium英语Wireless Power Consortium
委员会Wireless Power Consortium英语Wireless Power Consortium
有关标准Cordless Kitchen standard
Medium Power standard
领域无线充电
许可证开放标准
版权标志商标
网站wirelesspowerconsortium.com

Qi(發音與命名來自中文字「气」),是一種由無線充電聯盟(英語:Wireless Power Consortium,縮寫WPC[2])所制定的短距離(40mm, 1.6英吋[3])低功率無線感應式電力傳輸的互連標準,主要目的是提供行動電話手機與其他攜帶型電子設備便利與通用的無線充電。

無線充電聯盟於2008年12月17日由,ConvenientPower Limited、Fulton Innovation LLC、羅技公司美國國家半導體公司奧林巴斯株式會社荷蘭皇家飛利浦電子公司三洋電機株式會社、深圳桑菲消費通信有限公司及德州儀器公司(依英文字母序)共9家公司創立,以制定所有電子設備都能相容的無線低功率充電國際標準為使命。迄2018年11月,該聯盟成員已有超過638家公司,包括诺基亚HTC三星意法半导体蘋果华为索尼等等[4]

Qi規格第一卷(低功率部份,5W以下)於2010年推出,目前已有1.0與1.1兩代的版本,現在提供下載的最新版本規格的版號是1.1.2,於2013年7月制定。未來預計還會推出中功率的版本。2023年4月19日,WPC无线充电联盟批准发布Qi2标准[1]

規格版本與特色

Qi工作原理示意圖,上方塊是行動裝置,下方塊是充電基座

在Qi標準下,低功率標準使用電感傳輸5W或以下的功率,發射与接收均使用扁平電感,以電感耦合方式傳輸能量,兩電感(線圈)之間的距離可達5mm,也可視需要而增至40mm。輸出電壓能穩定在特定數值,方法是在輸出端以數碼通訊方式通知輸入端增加或減小電量以達至穩定電壓的效果。數碼通訊是單向的(只由電力輸出端發送訊號傳至電力輸入端),以反向散射調制將資訊傳送,也就是在輸出端改變負載,使輸出電感的電流改變,從而改變輸入線圈的電流,根據輸入端電感的電流改變加以解調就能得出所需控制訊號。如此,輸入端根據控制訊號調控輸入電量就能使輸出端的電壓穩定。

現在實際產品上市實做的主要是1.2.1版。未針對1.2.1版本規格進行更新產品會在2016年底以前從Qi認證產品名單中移除。

1.0
最初的版本。目前智慧型手機上所搭載的Qi多依據這個版本。
1.1
原先使用的只有電磁感應方式,本版加入了電磁諧振方式[5]
1.2.1
主要為加入中功率產品的規範

2.0

提供磁吸功能、更快的充电、更高的效率[1]

支援Qi充電的產品

第一部[6]搭载Qi无线充电标准的移动电话是Sharp SH-13C(2011年8月6日上市)[7]

其他代表性產品的例子有:

其他無線充電標準

除了無線充電聯盟所推出的Qi無線充電規範之外,目前在推動無線充電或供電標準的其他組織還有Power Matters Alliance(PMA)[9]與Alliance for WirelessPower(A4WP)[10]

管理委员会

每个普通成员在管理委员会中有一票。每个普通成员享有相同的权利和义务。

名称 国家或地区
HTC 臺灣
Leggett & Platt  美国
Google  美国
三星电子  韩国
恩智浦半导体  荷蘭
Fulton Innovation  美国
Convenient Power  香港
威瑞森无线  美国
罗姆半导体  日本
联发科 臺灣
德州仪器  美国
东芝  日本
松下电器  日本
APTIV(安波福)  英国
苹果公司  美国
LG电子  韩国
Air Charge  英国
海尔  中国
博世  德国
IDT  美国
意法半导体  瑞士
飞利浦  荷蘭
高通  美国

相關條目

附註或參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Paul Golden. WPC无线充电联盟批准发布Qi2标准. WPC无线充电联盟. 2023-04 [2024-02-01]. (原始内容 (html)存档于2024-02-01) (中文(中国大陆)). 2023年4月19日,亚利桑那州斯科茨代尔。随着“Qi v.2.0接口规范”获得WPC无线充电联盟理事会批准,Qi2标准现已正式发布。 
  2. ^ 無線充電聯盟官方網站 (簡體中文版). [2013-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-19). 
  3. ^ eCoupled Wireless Power Through Granite. [2013-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-23). 
  4. ^ Wireless Power Consortium Members. [2014-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-07). 
  5. ^ WPCがワイヤレス給電の規格を改定、「磁界共鳴方式」を初採用へ. [2013-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-15). 
  6. ^ 存档副本. [2013-11-30]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03). 
  7. ^ 存档副本. [2013-11-30]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03). 
  8. ^ Mi 11 Pro. Wireless Power Consortium. 
  9. ^ Power Matters Alliance (PMA)(英文). [2013-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-16). 
  10. ^ Alliance for WirelessPower (A4WP)(英文). [2013-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-25). 

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