PH (複雜度)

計算複雜度理論內,複雜度類PH代表所有在多項式譜系裡面的複雜度類聯集,亦即:

PH最早是由Larry Stockmeyer定義,是一個受限交替式圖靈機(bounded alternating Turing machine)其譜系(hierarchy)的特例。這個複雜度包含於PPP(包含問題可以由多項式時間圖靈機,並且能取用PP 神諭的機器所解決的複雜度類。), P#P (根據Toda's theorem),以及PSPACE裡面。

PH有一個簡單的邏輯描述方法:PH是一個能以二階邏輯所表示語言的集合。

PH包含了幾乎所有在PSPACE裡面有名的複雜度類;舉例來說,像是P, NP,和co-NP。甚至還包含了一些概率複雜度類像是BPPRP。然而,有一些證據指出BQP(以量子電腦可以在多項式時間之內解決的問題)並不包含在PH裡面(Aaronson 2010).

P = NP若且唯若P = PH。這可能是一個比較簡單證明PNP的方式,因為我們只要把P從比較廣義的 PH分別出來即可。

參考資料

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