3D生物列印

3D生物列印機

3D 生物列印是藉由3D生物列印機,製造出細胞支架,再將細胞種入支架中,使細胞得以生長的技術。[1][2]:13D 生物列印運用層積製造法,利用生物墨水,製造出仿效活組織的細胞支架,在醫療以及組織工程領域有極大應用。[3] 生物列印使用了許多不同的材料。目前生物列印可以用於列印用於藥物試驗的組織和器官[4][5][6] 此外,3D 生物列印也能製作細胞支架。[7] 这些支架可以應用在關節軟骨或韌帶再生技術。 第一個與生物列印相關的專利,是2003年於美國提出申請,並在2006年5月30日獲得核准。[2]:1[8]

过程

3D 生物列印一般有以下三步驟:生物列印前、生物列印中、生物列印後。[9][10]

生物列印前

生物列印前,需要先計畫細胞支架的結構並選擇列印中會使用到的材質。

開始列印前,要先取得患者器官的組織檢體和醫學影像。 使用電腦斷層核磁共振取得患者的醫學影像,是最常見的方法。取得影像後,利用軟體將平面的醫學影像重建出立體結構,並分離出預計要培養的細胞並加以增量後,便完成列印前的準備。[9]这些细胞將和液態的特殊生物材質,在細胞混合器中混合。這種特殊生物材質能提供,細胞生存所需的氧氣與其他營養物質。在某些特殊情況,细胞甚至會被放入直徑500微米的小球中,被保護起來。混入液體凝膠中的细胞並不需要細胞支架即可生存。這些細胞和營養基質的混合物將被放入管狀的容器中,在列印的過程被擠壓出來,以形成組織的形狀。

生物列印中

生物列印第二步驟,將應用到生物墨水。生物墨水指的就是細胞與維生物質混合的液體基質,在第二步驟中,生物墨水將被放在生物列印機的墨水匣中,依照患者的醫學影像資料,依序列印。[11] 生物列印所製造出來的初始組織物,將被送入細胞培養器中,慢慢地將充滿細胞的初始組織培育成真正的組織。[12]

生物列印常常會需要將細胞平均散佈到生物相容的支架上,這些生物相容的支架由積層製造法製造而成,最終形成了立體的組織似的架構。[13] 生物列印所製造的人工肝臟與人工腎臟,目前仍舊缺乏像是血管或是腎小管等的功能性單位,而且非常難以培育成多細胞的完整器官。[13]

参考文献

  1. ^ Chua, C.K.; Yeong, W.Y. Bioprinting: Principles and Applications. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. 2015: 296 [17 February 2016]. ISBN 9789814612104. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Doyle, Ken. Bioprinting: From patches to parts. Gen. Eng. Biotechnol. News. 15 May 2014, 34 (10): 1, 34–5. doi:10.1089/gen.34.10.02. 
  3. ^ Advancing Tissue Engineering: The State of 3D Bioprinting. [2016-04-09]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-06) (美国英语). 
  4. ^ ExplainingTheFuture.com : Bioprinting. [2016-04-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-12). 
  5. ^ Researchers Can Now 3D Print A Human Heart Using Biological Material. [2017-10-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-04). 
  6. ^ Trabeculated embryonic 3D printed heart as proof-of-concept. [2017-10-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-09). 
  7. ^ Thomas, Daniel. Could 3D bioprinted tissues offer future hope for microtia treatment?. 24 February 2017 [24 February 2017]. 
  8. ^ 美国专利7051654 (PDF 版本)(于2006年05月30日注册)Boland, Thomas; Wilson, Jr., William Crisp; Xu, Tao——Ink-jet printing of viable cells。 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Shafiee, Ashkan; Atala, Anthony. Printing Technologies for Medical Applications. Trends in Molecular Medicine. 2016-03-01, 22 (3): 254–265. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.01.003. 
  10. ^ Ozbolat, Ibrahim T. Bioprinting scale-up tissue and organ constructs for transplantation. Trends in Biotechnology. 2015-07-01, 33 (7): 395–400. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.04.005. 
  11. ^ Cooper-White, M. How 3D Printing Could End The Deadly Shortage Of Donor Organs. Huffpost Science. TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. 1 March 2015 [17 February 2016]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-19). 
  12. ^ Thomas, Daniel J. Could 3D bioprinted tissues offer future hope for microtia treatment?. International Journal of Surgery. 2016-01-01, 32: 43–44 [2017-10-18]. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.06.036. (原始内容存档于2020-07-05) (英国英语). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Harmon, K. A sweet solution for replacing organs (PDF). Scientific American. 2013, 308 (4): 54–55 [17 February 2016]. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0413-54. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016年2月17日). 

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