10兆瓦高温气冷实验堆

10兆瓦高温气冷实验堆HTR-10
HTR-10的控制室
地图
國家/地区中国
位置清华大学
坐標40°15′26″N 116°08′59″E / 40.257169°N 116.149758°E / 40.257169; 116.149758
現況運行中
始建日期1995
啟用日期2003年1月
持有單位清华大学核研院
核电站
反應堆類型气冷快中子型的球床反应堆
發電概況
装机机组10 MW

10兆瓦高温气冷实验堆(英語:10MW High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Test Module,简称HTR-10),是位于中国清华大学核研院的一个实验核反应堆,反应堆采用的是气冷快中子型的球床反应堆,设计热功率10兆瓦,技术使用较高富集度铀的包覆颗粒作为燃料、石墨作为慢化剂、氦气作为冷却剂。

历史

一期工程“高温气冷堆蒸汽涡轮发电系统”于1992年立项,为“863计划”项目,2003年实现满功率运行,为世界首座模块化高温气冷堆实验核电站[1]。二期“高温气冷堆氦气涡轮发电系统”,直接采用氦气而非水蒸气循环进行发电,于2010年12月获得验收[2][3]

優勢

  • 此反应堆热效率可达到50%,远高于其它堆型[4]
  • 高温气冷堆可以建在冷却水源不足的地方,其产生的巨大的热量用于制,可用作氢能燃料电池的原料。[5]
  • 球床反应堆先天物理特性為降溫,在所有控制裝置都全面毀壞失效的狀態下也不會發生核災,相較於前三代反應爐有巨大安全係數。


石岛湾高温气冷堆核电站示范工程

华能集团中国核工业建设集团与清华大学合作,采用此雛形而建设的大型化商用示范项目——位于山东省荣成市石岛湾核电站,于2012年开工建设,1号堆于2021年12月20日并网发电。[6]

时间线

建設時工地
  • 1987年,10MW高温气冷实验堆(HTR-10)的建设被列入国家“863”计划。[4]
  • 1995年,在清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院开始建造。
  • 2000年12月建成,并首次达到临界
  • 2003年1月实现满功率并网发电。
  • 2004年,10兆瓦高温气冷堆向60多位国际原子能专家进行了核安全展示。展示表明,在不插入控制棒的情况下,关闭反应堆冷却系统,也不会出现燃料元件烧毁等严重事故[7]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 曾培炎考察清华大学10兆瓦高温气冷实验堆. 新华社. 2007-05-15 [2013-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2007-09-04). 
  2. ^ 孟繁祝. 清华高温气冷堆氦气透平发电系统获863项目验收. 2010-12-24 [2013-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-19). 
  3. ^ 李大庆. 10兆瓦高温气冷实验堆:“一个真实的神话”. 清华大学新闻网. 2006-01-13 [2013-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-22). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 中国也有先进堆,你知道吗?页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)2015-12-17
  5. ^ Sun, Yuliang; Xu, Jingming; Zhang, Zuoyi, R&D effort on nuclear hydrogen production technology in China, International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, 2006, 1 (2): 104–111 [2010-04-26], (原始内容存档于2013-01-28) 
  6. ^ 全球首座第四代核电机组 华能石岛湾高温气冷堆示范工程并网发电. www.xinhuanet.com. [2021-12-27]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-22). 
  7. ^ 刘江. 中国新一代核反应堆在京进行核安全实验演示. 新华社. 2004-09-30 [2013-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2005-01-24). 

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