鷹形總目

鹰形类
化石时期：始新世-現代, 47–0 Ma
白頭海鵰（Haliaeetus leucocephalus）
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 鸟纲 Aves
演化支： 今颚类 Neognathae
演化支： 新鸟类 Neoaves
演化支： 雀类 Passerea
演化支： 陸鳥類 Telluraves
演化支： 非洲禽类 Afroaves
演化支： 鹰形类 Accipitrimorphae
Vieillot, 1816
目

鷹形總目（學名：Accipitrimorphae）是猛禽的一個演化支，包括：美洲鷲目（學名：Cathartiformes）和鷹形目（學名：Accipitriformes，例如：海鵰、鷹、魚鷹和秘書鳥等日行性猛禽）[1][2][3][4]。不過，這群鳥類也可以主觀認定就是鷹形目[5][6]。基於DNA的方案和北美鳥類委員會與國際鳥類委員會的分類都把美洲鷹放在鷹形目，而南美分類委員會則把美洲鷹獨立成一個演化目──美洲鷹目，這裡我們採用南美分類委員會的作法[7]。在90年代初期以前，美洲鷹的分類地位還很混淆，因為，由西布利和阿奎斯特主導的DNA-DNA雜交分類法盛行於70年代末至80年代[8]，他們認為美洲鷹和鸛科的親緣關係比較接近，甚至把美洲鷹當成鸛科的一個亞科，如今，這種親緣關係則未受到眾人支持[1][4]。無論是稱呼鷹形總目或是鷹形目，這些鳥類都是非洲禽類的基群分支[1][4]。

鷹形總目 Accipitrimorphae
 

美洲鷲目 Cathartiformes（美洲鷲）

 
鷹形目 Accipitriformes
 

蛇鷲科 Sagittariidae（秘書鳥）

 
 
 

鶚科 Pandionidae（魚鷹）

 
 

鷹科 Accipitridae（鷹、海鵰、鳶、禿鷲等）

 
 
 
 

分支圖依據Jarvis et al. (2014)繪製[4]。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hackett, S.J. et al. (2008) A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science, 320, 1763.
  2. ^ Yuri, T. (2013) Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals. Biology, 2:419–44.
  3. ^ Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013) Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Science, 346(6215):1320-1331.
  5. ^ Hackett et al. 2008.
  6. ^ Chesser et al. 2010.
  7. ^ Remsen et al.
  8. ^ Sibley, Charles Gald（英语：Charles Sibley） & Ahlquist, Jon Edward（英语：Jon Edward Ahlquist） (1990): Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.

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