二噁英是一種細胞毒。以四氯雙苯環戴奧辛為例,其進入人體後將誘導δ-氨基乙醯丙酸合酶(Aminolevulinic acid synthase,ALAS)的產生,此酶為血紅素合成的限速酶。過多的ALAS會破壞細胞組織,並可能表現出類似卟啉症的病徵[5]。二噁英可以誘導淋巴細胞凋亡,抑制殺傷性T細胞(cytotoxic T cell,Tc或CTL)的產生並促進免疫抑制因子的高度表達[6],引起免疫系統調節功能障礙。二噁英亦能侵入DNA分子,誘發突變,由此而具有致畸與致癌作用。二噁英在體內不易代謝,可隨排泄物進入環境。
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^Fewer CTL, not enhanced NK cells, are sufficient for viral clearance from the lungs of immunocompromised mice. Cell Immunol. 2003 Nov; 226 (1):54-64
^ 7.07.1P. Mocarelli; et al. Serum concentrations of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and test results from selected residents of Seveso, Italy. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 1991, 32 (4): 357–366. PMID 1826746. doi:10.1080/15287399109531490. 引文格式1维护:显式使用等标签 (link)
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^ L, Zhang W, Gong A, Li J. Isolation and identification of a 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin degrading strain and its biochemical degradation pathway. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2021;19(1):541-551. Published 2021 Feb 24. doi:10.1007/s40201-021-00626-9
陳怡儒、楊和慶、到手香、紀宗廷、林欣瑜、柯昭儀、雲琇卿、吳怡亭、盂美雲、林煜庭、鄭諺彌、陳亭瑋、陳昭明、葉宗桓、林宏儒、蘇怡帆. 《圖解日用品安全全書》. 臺灣: 易博士出版社(城邦文化). 2011-05-17 [2011]. ISBN 978-986-120-761-2(中文).
周琦淳、莊培梃、黃大維、李亞潔、張家瑋、黃姵嘉、洪瑀彤、魏中帆、王紀新. 《圖解食品安全全書》(最新修訂版) 第3版. 臺灣: 易博士出版社(城邦文化). 2013-07-06 [2009]. ISBN 978-986-643-448-8(中文).(繁體中文)