野生动物

鹿是常见的野生动物种类

野生动物泛指各种生活在自然状态下，没有受到人工选择影响的未被驯化的动物。這一概念也可以擴展至所有生物，即野生生物[1]。根据各国和各国际机构的不同，可能包括或不包括被遗弃且已野化的家养动物及圈养动物。[2]

自然界裡，野生动物会用排泄物來標識其領土，宣示主權的習慣。

概况

野生动物，故名思意，为野外生长繁殖的动物，一般而言，具有以下特征：

  1. 野外独立生存，即不依靠外部因素如人类力量存活
  2. 具有种群及排他性

野生动物保护

随着人类過度開發，野生动物的栖息地受到威胁，很多种类的野生动物已经灭绝或濒临灭绝。多国政府都有保护野生动物的专门法律。在亚洲不少国家，对于野生动物在食用和药用方面的旺盛需求也在威胁着野生动物。一些传说中的“特殊功效”被夸大，导致野生动物大量遭到猎杀。这类动物的制品有：海马、鱼翅、犀牛角、象牙、虎骨、燕窝、冬虫夏草等等。雖然

2016年，由世界自然基金会与倫敦動物學學會（英语：Zoological Society of London）联合撰写的一份报告指出，自1970年以来全世界野生动物数量由于人类活动而减少了近60%。野生动物大量减少的直接原因是人类发展。世界人口在1960年至2016年之間增长超過一倍，導致其他动物的栖息地和食物减少。[3]部分瀕危野生動物經過保育等過程已移出瀕危名單，但這些物種仍需要進行環境保護。

另外動物濫捕不只造成生態失衡，還可能造成傳染病的擴散，例如非典型肺炎、2019新型冠狀病毒以及其他部分已知的傳染病等等。

營養價值

聯合國糧食及農業組織指出：对野生动物肉类营养价值的研究表明，野生動物的肉即使不比家畜肉好，也是相当的。总的趋势是大多数野生动物品种的肉趋向于低脂肪，而蛋白质含量等于或优于牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉或猪肉，并且维生素含量高得多[4][5]。

中国的野生动物

主条目：中国野生动物

中国是野生动物种类最为丰富的国家之一，脊椎动物种类约占世界种数的10%以上，其中哺乳类500种，鸟类1258种，爬行类412种，两栖类295种，鱼类3862种。其中许多为中国特有的珍稀物种，如大熊猫、金丝猴、朱鹮、褐马鸡、扬子鳄等。[6]2020年10月，国家林草局公佈《关于规范禁食野生动物分类管理范围的通知》，要求禁止食用竹鼠、果子狸、豪猪、刺猬、猪獾等64种野生動物。[7]

相關頁面

参考资料

  1. ^ Usher, M. B. Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values. London, New York: Chapman & Hall. 1986. ISBN 978-94-010-8315-7. 
  2. ^ 曾岩; 平晓鸽; 魏辅文. “野生动物”的概念框架和术语定义. 生物多样性. 2020, 28 (5): 541–549. ISSN 1005-0094. doi:10.17520/biods.2020057 可免费查阅. CNKI SWDY202005002. 
  3. ^ 报告：野生动物自1970年减少近60%. 美國之音. 2016-10-27 [2016-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-11）. 
  4. ^ Wildlife and food security in Africa. [2019-01-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-10）. 
  5. ^ Farm vs. Wild: Which meat is healthier?. [2019-01-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-10）. 
  6. ^ 中国国家林业局——中国野生动物资源[永久失效連結]
  7. ^ 刁凡超. 国家林草局：竹鼠果子狸等45种野生动物今年年底前停止养殖. 澎湃新闻. 2020-10-09. 

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