贝尔纳迪诺·德萨阿贡

贝尔纳迪诺·德萨阿贡
Bernardino de Sahagún
Bernardino de Sahagún
出生贝尔纳迪诺·德里维拉
约1499年
西班牙萨阿贡
逝世1590年2月5日(1590歲—02—05)（90—91歲）
新西班牙特拉特洛尔科（英语：Tlatelolco, Mexico City）
职业西班牙方济各会修士

贝尔纳迪诺·德萨阿贡（西班牙語：Bernardino de Sahagún 西班牙语发音：[beɾnaɾˈðino ðe saaˈɣun]，约1499年–1590年10月23日），西班牙方济各会修士及传教士，民族志学者，参与了新大陆新西班牙殖民地早期的传教活动。1499年，他出生于西班牙萨阿贡，1529年横渡大西洋抵达新西班牙。他习得当地阿兹特克人使用的纳瓦特尔语，并耗费五十年时间研究阿兹特克文明的宗教、文化和历史。尽管他大部分时间在进行传教活动，但由于他对于阿兹特克文化详尽的图文记载而被誉为“史上第一个人类学家”[1][2]。他在纳瓦特尔语的书面表达方面也有所贡献，将《福音书》《诗篇》和一篇教义问答译为了纳瓦特尔语。

德萨阿贡最广为人知的作品即《新西班牙事物通史》[3]，使用西班牙语和纳瓦特尔语双语写成，共分为12卷及2,400页，内含约2,500张纳瓦式绘画，详细地记录了阿兹特克文明的宗教、文化、社会、经济和历史样貌。在编撰过程中，德萨阿贡开创了收集民族志信息和验证其真伪的新方法，他本人也因此被称为“美洲民族志之父”。他的《通史》被誉为“有史以来最杰出的非西方文化纪录之一”[4]。

著作

  • Coloquios y Doctrina Christiana con que los doce frailes de San Francisco enviados por el papa Adriano VI y por el emperador Carlos V, convirtieron a los indios de la Nueva España. Facsimile edition. Introduction and notes by Miguel León-Portilla. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 1986.
  • The Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain, 12 volumes; translated by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble; University of Utah Press (January 7, 2002), hardcover, ISBN 087480082X ISBN 978-0874800821
  • The Conquest of New Spain, 1585 Revision. translated by Howard F. Cline, notes and an introduction by S.L. Cline. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1989
  • Primeros Memoriales. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1996.
  • Psalmodia Christiana (1583). English translation by Arthur J.O. Anderson. Norman: University of Utah Press 1993.
  • Psalmodia Christiana (1583). Complete digital facsimile of the first edition from the John Carter Brown Library

参考资料

  1. ^ Arthur J.O. Anderson, "Sahagún: Career and Character" in Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: The General History of the Things of New Spain, Introductions and Indices, Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles Dibble, translators. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press 1982, p. 40.
  2. ^ M. León-Portilla, Bernardino de Sahagún: The First Anthropologist (University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 2002), pp.
  3. ^ Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain (Translation of and Introduction to Historia General De Las Cosas De La Nueva España; 12 Volumes in 13 Books ), trans. Charles E. Dibble and Arthur J. O Anderson (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1950-1982).
  4. ^ H. B. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590," in Representing Aztec Ritual: Performance, Text, and Image in the Work of Sahagún, ed. Eloise Quiñones Keber (Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2002).

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