視訊壓縮(英語:Video compression)是指運用資料壓縮技術將數位視訊資料中的冗餘資訊去除,降低表示原始視訊所需的資料量,以便視訊資料的傳輸與儲存。實際上,原始視訊資料的資料量往往過大,例如未經壓縮的電視品質視訊資料的位元率高達216Mbps,絕大多數的應用無法處理如此龐大的資料量,因此視訊壓縮是必要的。目前最新的視訊編碼標準為ITU-T視訊編碼專家組(VCEG)和ISO/IEC動態圖像專家組(MPEG)聯合組成的聯合視訊組(JVT,Joint Video Team)所提出的H.264/AVC[1]。
由於編碼後的影像品質最終是由人眼所判斷的,在衡量失真程度時,應使用與人類視覺感知相符的影像品質衡量標準。然而,傳統所使用的衡量標準像是峰值信噪比和人類視覺感知不全然相關[2]。近幾年已有基於人類視覺感知的影像品質衡量標準被提出,例如結構相似性指標[3](結構相似性 index,SSIM index)與視覺資訊忠誠[4](visual information fidelity,VIF),並且在編碼器的設計中被使用[5],進一步提昇了壓縮後的影像品質。
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Draft ITU-T Recommendation and Final Draft International Standard of Joint Video Specification (ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC), May 2003.
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Zhou Wang and Alan C. Bovik, "Mean squared error: Love it or leave it? - A new look at signal fidelity measures," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 26, no. 1, pp 98−117, Jan. 2009.
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Zhou Wang, Alan C. Bovik, Hamid R. Sheikh, and Eero P. Simoncelli, "Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similairty," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 600−612, Apr. 2004.
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H. R. Sheikh and A. C. Bovik, "Image information and visual quality," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol.15, no.2, pp.430−444, Feb. 2006.
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Z. Y. Mai, C. L. Yang, K. Z. Kuang and L. M. Po, "A novel motion estimation method based on structural similarity for H.264 inter prediction,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 913−916, May 2006.
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ITU-T, "Video coding for low bit rate communications," ITU-T Recommendation H.263, version 2, Jan. 1998.
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Thomas Wiegand, Heiko Schwarz, Anthony Joch, Faouzi Kossentini, and Gary J. Sullivan, "Rate-constrained coder control and comparison of video coding standards," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, no. 7, July 2003.