西伯利亞尤皮克族

西伯利亞尤皮克族
西伯利亞尤皮克女人拿著海象象牙。
圖自：Nabogatova
總人口
1,010[1]
分佈地區
俄羅斯遠東地區楚科奇半島
 俄羅斯1,010
語言
中西伯利亞尤皮克語
相关族群
尤皮克人、阿留申人

西伯利亞尤皮克族(俄语：Сибирские юпики)[2]；又稱尤堤人[3]、西伯利亞愛斯基摩人、亞洲愛斯基摩人[4] 。該族群居住在俄羅斯楚科奇半島沿海地區。他們講的語言為尤皮克語或稱為尤堤斯克語。

命名為“尤堤”(俄语：Юиты)被正式授予西伯利亞（亞洲）愛斯基摩人，於1931年為支持在蘇聯本土文化運動而所命名[5]。西雷尼克愛斯基摩人也住在那個地區，但他們的西雷尼克語言已滅絕，且可能代表的愛斯基摩分支組成的第三支爱斯基摩－阿留申语系[6]。

生活方式

居住為馴鹿皮與草作所組成的圓錐形帳篷，西伯利亞尤皮克在聖勞倫斯島，居住在薩文格與甘伯爾的村落，最廣為人知的是海象象牙與鯨骨的雕刻作品。

大部分愛斯基摩人信仰文化中，有專門擔任神靈與人的調解人，通常被稱為“巫師”。由於愛斯基摩文化遠非同質化，因此薩滿教的愛斯基摩民族之間也有許多不同之處。西伯利亞尤皮克人的巫師也是如此[7]。相較於美國愛斯基摩人族群中發現有不同之處，其中西伯利亞尤皮克薩滿教強調維持與海洋動物良好的重要關係[8]。西伯利亞尤皮克人的護身符有多種表達形式，並能保護他們或整個家庭，也有狩獵時的護身符。例如：

  1. 烏鴉頭掛在房子的門口，用作一種熟悉的護身符[9]；
  2. 數個石頭雕刻出來的海象頭或狗的頭形，佩戴作為個別的護身符等用途[10]。

參考資料

註釋

  1. ^ "POPULATION STATISTICS". [2014-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-09）. 
  2. ^ Лев Миронович Минц. Расы и народы. ОЛМА Медиа Групп. 2007 （俄语）. 
  3. ^ Меновщиков Г. А., Арутюнов С. А., Членов М. А. Эскимосские сказки и мифы. Наука. 1988 （俄语）. 
  4. ^ Академия наук СССР, Институт этнографии имени Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая. Советская этнография. Академии наук СССР. 1979 （俄语）. 
  5. ^ Роза Шотаевна Джарылгасинова, Владимир Андреевич Никонов. Этническая ономастика. Наука. 1984 （俄语）. 
  6. ^ Menovshchikov 1990 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: 70
  7. ^ Духовная культура (Spiritual culture) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, subsection of Support for Siberian Indigenous Peoples Rights (Поддержка прав коренных народов Сибири) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） — see the section on Eskimos （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  8. ^ Vajda, Edward J. Siberian Yupik (Eskimo). East Asian Studies. [2014-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-28）. 
  9. ^ Рубцова 1954:380
  10. ^ Рубцова 1954:380,551–552

來源

  • Рубцова, Е. С. Материалы по языку и фольклору эскимосов (чаплинский диалект). Москва • Ленинград: Академия Наук СССР. 1954 （俄语）.  The transliteration of author’s name, and the rendering of title in English: Rubcova, E. S. Materials on the Language and Folklore of the Eskimoes, Vol. I, Chaplino Dialect. Moscow • Leningrad: Академия наук СССР. 1954. 

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