奥罗奇人

奥罗奇人
Орочи
Орочи
分佈地區
 俄羅斯 527[1]
 烏克蘭288 (2001)
語言
奥罗奇语、俄語
宗教信仰
萨满教、俄罗斯正教会、佛教
相关族群
乌德盖人、其他满-通古斯语系民族

奧罗奇人（奧罗奇语: Орочи, 俄语: Орочи），其意思是从事养鹿业的人，是俄罗斯远东的满-通古斯语系族群。2021年人口有527人[2]。传统上分布在俄罗斯哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区的鞑靼海峡沿岸。奥罗奇人与乌德盖人有关。

奧羅奇語本没有文字，现代开始使用西里尔字母拼写。宗教主要信仰佛教、東正教、萨滿教。

由於奧羅奇人和烏德蓋人語言風俗近似，關於这两个民族之間的關係以及和清朝文獻中族群的對應，學界有諸多分歧。俄國學者什連克認為烏德蓋人為奧羅奇或鄂倫春[3]；阿爾先耶夫認為烏德蓋人與烏蘇里奧羅奇人是一類[4]。日本學者則將兩者區分開來，如和田清認為清代文獻中的庫爾喀即奧羅奇[5]；島田好指出恰喀拉是今天的烏德蓋人[6]。日本學者的分類接近清代文獻中庫爾喀與恰喀拉兩個族群合而有別的情況。如清代史料記載：庫爾喀人“捕魚於諸島”[7]、有“水野人”[8].“捕海豹人”[9]之別稱；而恰喀拉人“遊處山林或江海之濱”[10]，有“林中人”之稱。

註釋

  1. ^ Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации согласно переписи населения 2021 года. [2023-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-30）. 
  2. ^ Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации согласно переписи населения 2021 года. [2023-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-30）. 
  3. ^ 斯特仁堡.韃靼海峽的奧羅奇人.民族譯文集第一輯
  4. ^ 阿爾先耶夫.林中人——烏德赫.民族譯文集第一輯
  5. ^ 和田清.東亞史研究（滿洲篇）:377.
  6. ^ 島田好.東韃紀行.中譯本:41.
  7. ^ 朝鮮李朝成宗實錄.卷17，三年五月辛丑.
  8. ^ 朝鮮李朝世宗實錄.卷53，十三年八月壬子
  9. ^ 清太宗實錄.卷51，崇德八年六月甲辰.
  10. ^ 曹廷傑集 上冊:123.

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