茅利塔尼亞地理

茅利塔尼亞地圖
茅利塔尼亞地圖
茅利塔尼亞地形圖

茅利塔尼亞是非洲西部的國家,西瀕大西洋,毗鄰塞內加爾西撒哈拉馬利共和國阿爾及利亞,且為薩赫勒馬格里布的一部分。國內為遼闊而乾燥的平原,面積1,030,700平方公里;地勢大致平坦,偶有沙丘和峭壁般的岩層露出。國境中央是一系面西南側的斷崖,縱向貫穿、將平原一分為二;它也區隔出各脈砂岩高原,其中最高的是阿德拉爾高原,海拔高度達500公尺。部分崖腳下布有綠洲,春季時尤盛。高原上方矗立著獨拔的岩峰,其內蘊藏豐富礦產;峰群中較矮小的稱為「guelbs」,較高聳的為「kedias」。北部為茅利塔尼亞最著名的巨大同心圓地形——理查特結構。茅國最大的城鎮是祖埃拉特,旁為茅利塔尼亞山脈,最高峰達海拔1,000公尺。

理查特結構

理查特結構的衛星影像

理查特結構直徑約40公里,是茅利塔尼亞最著名的景觀,也是航太的重點地標[1][2][3]。學界原先認為理查特結構是隕石撞擊所留下的結構,但隨著進一步觀察分析,現今普遍推測它是圓形背斜經相對侵蝕地形抬昇後,剩下硬度較高、不易受侵蝕的古生代石英岩,因而構成的對稱隆起[3][4]

面積與邊界

  • 面積
    • 總面積:1,030,700 km²
    • 陸域面積:1,030,400 km²
    • 水域面積:300 km²
  • 陸地邊界
    • 總長度:5,074 km
  • 鄰國邊界
  • 海岸線長:754 km
  • 領海主張
    • 臨接海域:24 nmi(44.4 km;27.6 mi)
    • 大陸架:200 nmi(370.4 km;230.2 mi)
    • 專屬經濟區:200 nmi(370.4 km;230.2 mi)
    • 領海:12 nmi(22.2 km;13.8 mi)

參考文獻

  1. ^ Matton, G. (2008) The Cretaceous Richat Complex (Mauritania); a peri-Atlantic alkaline.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Unpublished PhD. dissertation, Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada.
  2. ^ Matton, G., M. Jébrak and J.K.W. Lee (2005) Resolving the Richat enigma: Doming and hydrothermal karstification above an alkaline complex.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Geology. v. 33, no. 8, pp. 665-668.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Woolley, A.R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa. London, United Kingdom, The Geological Society of London. ISBN 978-0-412-61410-1
  4. ^ Netto, A.M., J. Fabre, J., G. Poupeau, and M. et Champemmois (1992) Datations par traces de fissions de la structure circulaire des Richats. Comptes Rendus de 'Académie des Sciences. v. 314, pp. 1179-1186.

20°00′N 12°00′W / 20.000°N 12.000°W / 20.000; -12.000


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